{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T20:11:45Z","timestamp":1792959105431,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,23]],"date-time":"2021-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614038400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":53,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Polymer Electromagnetic Functional Materials Innovation Team of Shaanxi Sanqin Scholars"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002663","name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["S202010699141"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S202010699141"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002663","name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["CX202055"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CX202055"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Natural Science Basic Research Plan for Distinguished Young Scholars in Shaanxi Province of China","award":["2019JC-11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019JC-11"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["51773169"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51773169"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["51973173"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51973173"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"\n The developing flexible electronic equipment are greatly affected by the rapid accumulation of heat, which is urgent to be solved by thermally conductive polymer composite films. However, the interfacial thermal resistance (ITR) and the phonon scattering at the interfaces are the main bottlenecks limiting the rapid and efficient improvement of thermal conductivity coefficients (\n \n \n \u03bb<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n ) of the polymer composite films. Moreover, few researches were focused on characterizing ITR and phonon scattering in thermally conductive polymer composite films. In this paper, graphene oxide (GO) was aminated (NH\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n -GO) and reduced (NH\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n -rGO), then NH\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n -rGO\/polyimide (NH\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n -rGO\/PI) thermally conductive composite films were fabricated. Raman spectroscopy was utilized to innovatively characterize phonon scattering and ITR at the interfaces in NH\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n -rGO\/PI thermally conductive composite films, revealing the interfacial thermal conduction mechanism, proving that the amination optimized the interfaces between NH\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n -rGO and PI, reduced phonon scattering and ITR, and ultimately improved the interfacial thermal conduction. The in-plane\n \n \n \u03bb<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n (\n \n \n \n \n \u03bb<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n \n \u2225<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n ) and through-plane\n \n \n \u03bb<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n (\n \n \n \n \n \u03bb<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n \n \u22a5<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n ) of 15\u2009wt% NH\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n -rGO\/PI thermally conductive composite films at room temperature were, respectively, 7.13\u2009W\/mK and 0.74\u2009W\/mK, 8.2 times\n \n \n \n \n \u03bb<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n \n \u2225<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n (0.87\u2009W\/mK) and 3.5 times\n \n \n \n \n \u03bb<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n \n \u22a5<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n (0.21\u2009W\/mK) of pure PI film, also significantly higher than\n \n \n \n \n \u03bb<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n \n \u2225<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n (5.50\u2009W\/mK) and\n \n \n \n \n \u03bb<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n \n \u22a5<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n (0.62\u2009W\/mK) of 15\u2009wt% rGO\/PI thermally conductive composite films. Calculation based on the effective medium theory model proved that ITR was reduced via the amination of rGO. Infrared thermal imaging and finite element simulation showed that NH\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n -rGO\/PI thermally conductive composite films obtained excellent heat dissipation and efficient thermal management capabilities on the light-emitting diodes bulbs, 5G high-power chips, and other electronic equipment, which are easy to generate heat severely.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.34133\/2021\/8438614","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,23]],"date-time":"2021-02-23T18:45:08Z","timestamp":1614105908000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":137,"title":["Significant Reduction of Interfacial Thermal Resistance and Phonon Scattering in Graphene\/Polyimide Thermally Conductive Composite Films for Thermal Management"],"prefix":"10.34133","volume":"2021","author":[{"given":"Kunpeng","family":"Ruan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi 710072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongqiang","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi 710072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuyao","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Mary University of London Engineering School, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi 710072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuetao","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi 710072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tengbo","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi 710072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yali","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi 710072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi 710072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5792-0532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junwei","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi 710072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aat8982"},{"issue":"17","key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","article-title":"Thermal conductivity of polymers and their nanocomposites","volume":"30","author":"Xu X.","year":"2018","unstructured":"X. Xu, J. Chen, J. Zhou, and B. Li, \u201cThermal conductivity of polymers and their nanocomposites,\u201d Advanced Materials, vol. 30, no. 17, article 1705544, 2018","journal-title":"Advanced Materials"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201812112"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.8b06290","article-title":"Highly thermally conductive yet electrically insulating polymer\/boron nitride nanosheets nanocomposite films for improved thermal management capability","volume":"13","author":"Chen J.","year":"2018","unstructured":"J. Chen, X. Huang, B. Sun, and P. Jiang, \u201cHighly thermally conductive yet electrically insulating polymer\/boron nitride nanosheets nanocomposite films for improved thermal management capability,\u201d ACS Nano, vol. 13, pp. 337\u2013345, 2018","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.progpolymsci.2012.02.005","article-title":"Advanced polyimide materials: syntheses, physical properties and applications","volume":"37","author":"Liaw D. J.","year":"2012","unstructured":"D. J. Liaw, K. L. Wang, Y. C. Huang, K. R. Lee, J. Y. Lai, and C. S. 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Guo, \u201cSignificantly enhanced and precisely modeled thermal conductivity in polyimide nanocomposites with chemically modified graphenevia in situpolymerization and electrospinning-hot press technology,\u201d Journal of Materials Chemistry C, vol. 6, no. 12, pp. 3004\u20133015, 2018","journal-title":"Journal of Materials Chemistry C"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2017.10.044","article-title":"Enhanced thermal conductivity of graphene\/polyimide hybrid film via a novel \"molecular welding\" strategy","volume":"126","author":"Li H.","year":"2018","unstructured":"H. Li, S. Dai, J. Miao, X. Wu, N. Chandrasekharan, H. Qiu, and J. 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A.","year":"2019","unstructured":"A. A. Tarhini, and A. R. Tehrani-Bagha, \u201cGraphene-based polymer composite films with enhanced mechanical properties and ultra-high in-plane thermal conductivity,\u201d Composites Science and Technology, vol. 184, article 107797, 2019","journal-title":"Composites Science and Technology"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","article-title":"Highly selective biomimetic flexible tactile sensor for neuroprosthetics","volume":"2020","author":"Li Y.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Y. Li, Z. Cao, T. Li, F. Sun, Y. Bai, Q. Lu, S. Wang, X. Yang, M. Hao, N. Lan, and T. Zhang, \u201cHighly selective biomimetic flexible tactile sensor for neuroprosthetics,\u201d Research, vol. 2020, article 8910692, \u201311, 2020","journal-title":"Research"},{"issue":"23","key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","article-title":"Ultraelastic yarns from curcumin-assisted ELD toward wearable human-machine interface textiles","volume":"7","author":"Zhu C.","year":"2020","unstructured":"C. Zhu, R. Li, X. Chen, E. Chalmers, X. Liu, Y. Wang, B. B. Xu, and X. Liu, \u201cUltraelastic yarns from curcumin-assisted ELD toward wearable human-machine interface textiles,\u201d Advanced Science, vol. 7, no. 23, 2020","journal-title":"Advanced Science"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8639","DOI":"10.1021\/am501323m","article-title":"Flexible polyimide films hybrid with functionalized boron nitride and graphene oxide simultaneously to improve thermal conduction and dimensional stability","volume":"6","author":"Tsai M. H.","year":"2014","unstructured":"M. H. Tsai, I. H. Tseng, J. C. Chiang, and J. J. Li, \u201cFlexible polyimide films hybrid with functionalized boron nitride and graphene oxide simultaneously to improve thermal conduction and dimensional stability,\u201d ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, vol. 6, no. 11, pp. 8639\u20138645, 2014","journal-title":"ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces"},{"issue":"48","key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20958","DOI":"10.1039\/C4TA04663C","article-title":"Polyimide nanocomposites with boron nitride-coated multi-walled carbon nanotubes for enhanced thermal conductivity and electrical insulation","volume":"2","author":"Yan W.","year":"2014","unstructured":"W. Yan, Y. Zhang, H. Sun, S. Liu, Z. Chi, X. Chen, and J. Xu, \u201cPolyimide nanocomposites with boron nitride-coated multi-walled carbon nanotubes for enhanced thermal conductivity and electrical insulation,\u201d Journal of Materials Chemistry A, vol. 2, no. 48, pp. 20958\u201320965, 2014","journal-title":"Journal of Materials Chemistry A"},{"issue":"50324","key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","article-title":"Enhanced mechanical and anisotropic thermal conductive properties of polyimide nanocomposite films reinforced with hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets","author":"Hwang G. H.","year":"2020","unstructured":"G. H. Hwang, Y. S. Kwon, J. S. Lee, and Y. G. Jeong, \u201cEnhanced mechanical and anisotropic thermal conductive properties of polyimide nanocomposite films reinforced with hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets,\u201d Journal of Applied Polymer Science, no. article e50324, 2020","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1007\/s10965-014-0595-0","article-title":"Enhanced thermal and mechanical properties of polyimide composites by mixing thermotropic liquid crystalline epoxy grafted aluminum nitride","volume":"21","author":"He Z.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Z. He, W. Dai, J. Yu, L. Pan, X. Xiao, S. Lu, and N. Jiang, \u201cEnhanced thermal and mechanical properties of polyimide composites by mixing thermotropic liquid crystalline epoxy grafted aluminum nitride,\u201d Journal of Polymer Research, vol. 21, no. 11, p. 595, 2014","journal-title":"Journal of Polymer Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2020.108267","article-title":"Imidization-induced carbon nitride nanosheets orientation towards highly thermally conductive polyimide film with superior flexibility and electrical insulation","volume":"199","author":"Wang Y.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Y. Wang, X. Zhang, X. Ding, P. Zhang, M. Shu, Q. Zhang, Y. Gong, K. Zheng, and X. Tian, \u201cImidization-induced carbon nitride nanosheets orientation towards highly thermally conductive polyimide film with superior flexibility and electrical insulation,\u201d Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 199, article 108267, 2020","journal-title":"Composites Part B: Engineering"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.3390\/polym11030484","article-title":"Synergistic effects of various ceramic fillers on thermally conductive polyimide composite films and their model predictions","volume":"11","author":"Song H.","year":"2019","unstructured":"H. Song, B. G. Kim, Y. S. Kim, Y. S. Bae, J. Kim, and Y. Yoo, \u201cSynergistic effects of various ceramic fillers on thermally conductive polyimide composite films and their model predictions,\u201d Polymers, vol. 11, no. 3, p. 484, 2019","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"issue":"39","key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22169","DOI":"10.1039\/C8RA00827B","article-title":"Fabricating high thermal conductivity rGO\/polyimide nanocomposite filmsviaa freeze-drying approach","volume":"8","author":"Wei S.","year":"2018","unstructured":"S. Wei, Q. Yu, Z. Fan, S. Liu, Z. Chi, X. Chen, Y. Zhang, and J. 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