{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T04:04:54Z","timestamp":1791777894638,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]],"date-time":"2021-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":168,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021177","name":"Shenzhen Bay Laboratory","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["SZBL201906281005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SZBL201906281005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021177","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Shenzhen Science and Technology Program","award":["KQTD2016112814303055"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KQTD2016112814303055"]}]},{"name":"Shenzhen Science and Technology Program","award":["KQTD20170809110344233"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KQTD20170809110344233"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Real-time wireless respiratory monitoring and biomarker analysis provide an attractive vision for noninvasive telemedicine such as the timely prevention of respiratory arrest or for early diagnoses of chronic diseases. Lightweight, wearable respiratory sensors are in high demand as they meet the requirement of portability in digital healthcare management. Meanwhile, high-performance sensing material plays a crucial role for the precise sensing of specific markers in exhaled air, which represents a complex and rather humid environment. Here, we present a liquid metal-based flexible electrode coupled with SnS\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            nanomaterials as a wearable gas-sensing device, with added Bluetooth capabilities for remote respiratory monitoring and diagnoses. The flexible epidermal device exhibits superior skin compatibility and high responsiveness (1092%\/ppm), ultralow detection limits (1.32\u2009ppb), and a good selectivity of NO gas at ppb-level concentrations. Taking advantage of the fast recovery kinetics of SnS\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            responding to H\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            O molecules, it is possible to accurately distinguish between different respiratory patterns based on the amount of water vapor in the exhaled air. Furthermore, based on the different redox types of H\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            O and NO molecules, the electric signal is reversed once the exhaled NO concentration exceeds a certain threshold that may indicate the onset of conditions like asthma, thus providing an early warning system for potential lung diseases. Finally, by integrating the wearable device into a wireless cloud-based multichannel interface, we provide a proof-of-concept that our device could be used for the simultaneous remote monitoring of several patients with respiratory diseases, a crucial field in future digital healthcare management.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.34133\/2021\/9847285","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]],"date-time":"2021-06-18T23:45:10Z","timestamp":1624059910000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Liquid Metal-Based Epidermal Flexible Sensor for Wireless Breath Monitoring and Diagnosis Enabled by Highly Sensitive SnS\n            <sub>2<\/sub>\n            Nanosheets"],"prefix":"10.34133","volume":"2021","author":[{"given":"Yifan","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150086, China"},{"name":"Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China"},{"name":"Shenzhen STRONG Advanced Materials Research Institute Co., Ltd., China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150086, China"},{"name":"Shenzhen STRONG Advanced Materials Research Institute Co., Ltd., China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9448-359X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanhu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3170-4433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rongguo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150086, China"},{"name":"Shenzhen STRONG Advanced Materials Research Institute Co., Ltd., China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2659-3150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinhong","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2248-4806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xing","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, No. 9 Duxue Road, Shenzhen 518055China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_3_5_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12125","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.0c05657","article-title":"Multiplexed nanomaterial-based sensor array for detection of COVID-19 in exhaled breath","volume":"14","author":"Shan B.","year":"2020","unstructured":"B. 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Hashikawa, \u201cThe neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV2 may play a role in the respiratory failure of COVID-19 patients,\u201d Journal of Medical Virology, vol. 92, no. 6, pp. 552\u2013555, 2020","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Virology"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2008.01932.x","article-title":"What is known about the mechanisms underlying SUDEP?","volume":"49","author":"So E. L.","year":"2008","unstructured":"E. L. So, \u201cWhat is known about the mechanisms underlying SUDEP?,\u201d Epilepsia, vol. 49, pp. 93\u201398, 2008","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-2010-0531","article-title":"Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury: pathophysiology, neuropathology and mechanisms","volume":"26","author":"Busl K. M.","year":"2010","unstructured":"K. M. Busl, and D. M. 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Li, \u201cTransparent, flexible, and stretchable WS 2 based humidity sensors for electronic skin,\u201d Nanoscale, vol. 9, no. 19, pp. 6246\u20136253, 2017","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/aelm.202000145","article-title":"Skin-like hybrid integrated circuits conformal to face for continuous respiratory monitoring","volume":"6","author":"Chen Y.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Y. Chen, F. Liu, B. Lu, Y. Zhang, and X. 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