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It is now time to bring these together to better understand how intelligence emerges from the multiscale repositories in the brain. In this article, we propose the Digital Twin Brain (DTB)\u2014a transformative platform that bridges the gap between biological and artificial intelligence. It comprises three core elements: the brain structure, which is fundamental to the twinning process, bottom-layer models for generating brain functions, and its wide spectrum of applications. Crucially, brain atlases provide a vital constraint that preserves the brain\u2019s network organization within the DTB. Furthermore, we highlight open questions that invite joint efforts from interdisciplinary fields and emphasize the far-reaching implications of the DTB. The DTB can offer unprecedented insights into the emergence of intelligence and neurological disorders, holds tremendous promise for advancing our understanding of both biological and artificial intelligence, and ultimately can propel the development of artificial general intelligence and facilitate precision mental healthcare.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.34133\/icomputing.0055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]],"date-time":"2023-09-05T12:02:29Z","timestamp":1693915349000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["The Digital Twin Brain: A Bridge between Biological and Artificial Intelligence"],"prefix":"10.34133","volume":"2","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6805-3692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hui","family":"Xiong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Brainnetome Center, \rInstitute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Congying","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brainnetome Center, \rInstitute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingzhong","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brainnetome Center, \rInstitute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China."},{"name":"School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brainnetome Center, \rInstitute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaqi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brainnetome Center, \rInstitute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China."},{"name":"School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yawei","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brainnetome Center, \rInstitute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China."},{"name":"Sino-Danish College, \rUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruonan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Augmented Intelligence, Zhejiang Lab, 311100 Hangzhou, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junyang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Augmented Intelligence, Zhejiang Lab, 311100 Hangzhou, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengyi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brainnetome Center, \rInstitute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9531-291X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tianzi","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brainnetome Center, \rInstitute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China."},{"name":"School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China."},{"name":"Research Center for Augmented Intelligence, Zhejiang Lab, 311100 Hangzhou, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.41714"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2793","article-title":"The neuroscience of human intelligence differences","volume":"11","author":"Deary IJ","year":"2010","unstructured":"Deary IJ, Penke L, Johnson W. 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