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Reviewing recent literature from DNA nanotechnology and molecular computing, we explore the background, state of the art, and current challenges toward intracellular strand displacement reactions. We first introduce the underlying principles, seminal achievements, and current limitations of DNA strand displacement circuits. We discuss the potential for biological molecules to serve as inputs to DNA nanocircuits. This comprises cellular nucleic acids such as messenger RNA and microRNA, as well as other biological molecules that can trigger DNA nanodevices through the aid of aptamer binding. We investigate challenges and recent successes of operating DNA strand displacement devices in cellular lysates as well as delivering or integrating DNA nanodevices into cells. 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