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Deep learning-based methods have achieved favorable success in fault location due to their good feature extraction capabilities. In particular, the graph neural network (GNN) can exploit the network topology and node information to accurately locate faults. However, conventional methods for designing GNNs are tedious and error-prone. A solution is to automatically search for an efficient GNN, which can be realized by neural architecture search (NAS). To achieve NAS for GNNs, we propose an evolutionary graph neural architecture search with a mask predictor (EGNAS-MP) for fault location. Specifically, we first design a variable-length encoding strategy for flexibly representing different scale candidate architectures. In addition, complementary reproduction operators are also devised to assist in the search efficiency. Furthermore, we design a mask mechanism combined with a progressive fine-tuning strategy to enable the predictor to achieve accurate fitness value predictions while minimizing the reliance on supervised data. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, we simulate 2 distribution networks under a variety of resistance conditions. In both sets of simulation experiments, EGNAS-MP achieves higher accuracies than all 4 of the baseline machine learning models, thus demonstrating strong generalization ability across differing topologies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.34133\/icomputing.0229","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T10:55:01Z","timestamp":1761562501000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evolutionary Graph Neural Architecture Search with Mask Predictor for Power Distribution Network Fault Detection"],"prefix":"10.34133","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Wenjie","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Grid Hebei Electric Power Company","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Grid Hebei Electric Power Company","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hengshui Branch, State Grid Hebei Electric Power Company","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhipeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan XJ Metering Co. 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