{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T13:10:45Z","timestamp":1790601045703,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","content-domain":{"domain":["spj.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biomater Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Random flap grafting is a routine procedure used in plastic and reconstructive surgery to repair and reconstruct large tissue defects. Flap necrosis is primarily caused by ischemia\u2013reperfusion injury and inadequate blood supply to the distal flap. Ischemia\u2013reperfusion injury leads to the production of excessive reactive oxygen species, creating a pathological microenvironment that impairs cellular function and angiogenesis. In this study, we developed a microenvironment remodeling self-healing hydrogel [laminarin\u2013chitosan-based hydrogel-loaded extracellular vesicles and ceria nanozymes (LCH@EVs&amp;CNZs)] to improve the flap microenvironment and synergistically promote flap regeneration and survival. The natural self-healing hydrogel (LCH) was created by the oxidation laminarin and carboxymethylated chitosan via a Schiff base reaction. We loaded this hydrogel with CNZs and EVs. CNZs are a class of nanomaterials with enzymatic activity known for their strong scavenging capacity for reactive oxygen species, thus alleviating oxidative stress. EVs are cell-secreted vesicular structures containing thousands of bioactive substances that can promote cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and angiogenesis. The constructed LCH@EVs&amp;CNZs demonstrated a robust capacity for scavenging excess reactive oxygen species, thereby conferring cellular protection in oxidative stress environments. Moreover, these constructs notably enhance cell migration and angiogenesis. Our results demonstrate that LCH@EVs&amp;CNZs effectively remodel the pathological skin flap microenvironment and marked improve flap survival. This approach introduces a new therapeutic strategy combining microenvironmental remodeling with EV therapy, which holds promise for promoting flap survival.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.34133\/bmr.0001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]],"date-time":"2024-02-22T11:21:10Z","timestamp":1708600870000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Microenvironment Remodeling Self-Healing Hydrogel for Promoting Flap Survival"],"prefix":"10.34133","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Yikun","family":"Ju","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Aesthetic (Burn) Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, \rCentral South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Aesthetic (Burn) Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, \rCentral South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangjun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Aesthetic (Burn) Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, \rCentral South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhihua","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Aesthetic (Burn) Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, \rCentral South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naisi","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Aesthetic (Burn) Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, \rCentral South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lanjie","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Translational Medicine, \rZhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bairong","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Aesthetic (Burn) Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, \rCentral South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"21","key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202201226","article-title":"Bioactive fish scale scaffolds with MSCs-loading for skin flap regeneration","volume":"9","author":"Lin X","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lin X, Kong B, Zhu Y, Zhao Y. 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