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However, achieving efficient delivery from the bloodstream to the tumor site remains challenging due to the complex tumor microenvironment (TME). To address these issues, a novel pH-responsive surface-switching DDS, UiO@CeO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/IR@(bPEI\/HA)-A6, was designed. This system features CeO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    immobilized on zirconium metal\u2013organic frameworks (UiO-66-NH\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) to create a rough surface, which is then further modified with bPEI and HA-A6 polymers, facilitating its transport in the blood. After loading the photosensitizer IR-820, its photothermal conversion efficiency reached 26.8%, enabling effective photothermal and photodynamic therapy. The HA-A6 polymer enhanced the targeting effect through receptor-mediated recognition, ensuring more drug accumulation at the tumor site; the rough surface constructed by CeO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    increased cell uptake and enhanced endocytosis in cells. The acidic TME exfoliates the coating, exposing the rough surface of CeO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , which marked enhances the cellular uptake of DDS, thereby laying a solid foundation for DDS to play an antitumor role. These results indicate that UiO@CeO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/IR@(bPEI\/HA)-A6 has excellent potential in the treatment of multiple myeloma.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.34133\/bmr.0330","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T22:40:55Z","timestamp":1769553655000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Construction of Rough Surfaces Based on Zirconium Metal\u2013Organic Frameworks to Enhance Photothermal and Photodynamic Therapy for Multiple Myeloma"],"prefix":"10.34133","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Mengyu","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Laboratory, Linyi People\u2019s Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, \rShandong Second Medical University, Shandong, China."},{"name":"Linyi Key Laboratory of Tumor 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