{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T23:19:26Z","timestamp":1790205566443,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014188","name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2024-00455873"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00455873"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002628","name":"Incheon National University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002628","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["spj.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biomater Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by impaired barrier function and helper T cell 2 (Th2)-dominant immune dysregulation. Subcutaneous administration of mesenchymal-stem-cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) has shown substantial efficacy in preclinical AD models; however, its clinical utility remains restricted by injection-associated pain and poor patient compliance, necessitating more patient-friendly delivery strategies. Here, we propose a patient-friendly, noninvasive therapeutic strategy using clinical-grade MSC-EVs incorporated into a thermosensitive hyaluronic acid\/Pluronic F127 (HP) hydrogel. The optimized HP hydrogel exhibited desirable shear-thinning behavior and tunable sol\u2013gel transition at body temperature, enabling sustained EV release. In a\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Dermatophagoides farinae<\/jats:italic>\n                    -extract-induced AD mouse model, topical application of HP-loaded EVs (HP+EVs) suppressed AD symptoms, epidermal thickening, and mast cell infiltration, demonstrating an efficacy comparable to that of subcutaneous EV injections. Notably, HP+EV treatment down-regulated both Th2 and Th1\/pro-inflammatory cytokines, restoring their levels to those in healthy controls. In addition, EVs rapidly penetrated the disrupted skin barrier in AD lesions via surface-protein-dependent mechanisms, as evidenced by the loss of permeability following proteinase K treatment. Furthermore, HP+EV treatment up-regulated barrier proteins and markedly down-regulated oxidative stress markers. This study demonstrates a major advancement in EV-based therapeutics, providing a promising noninvasive formulation for the treatment of AD.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.34133\/bmr.0368","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T07:24:28Z","timestamp":1776756268000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Thermosensitive Hydrogel Enables Noninvasive Extracellular Vesicle Therapy for Atopic Dermatitis"],"prefix":"10.34133","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Doil","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), \rSungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingyu","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical &amp; Robotics Engineering, College of Engineering, \rIncheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jooho","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), \rSungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji Eun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S&E bio, Inc.","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeonjeong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering and Nano-Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, \rIncheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyung Min","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering and Nano-Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, \rIncheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea."},{"name":"Research Center for Bio Materials &amp; Process Development, \rIncheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun Hee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S&E bio, Inc.","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8713-2078","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jae Min","family":"Cha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical &amp; Robotics Engineering, College of Engineering, \rIncheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oh Young","family":"Bang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), \rSungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Republic of Korea."},{"name":"S&E bio, Inc.","place":["Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, \rSungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","article-title":"Transdermal drug delivery systems in atopic dermatitis: A review of vehicle innovation and skin barrier challenges","volume":"17","author":"Parga AD","year":"2025","unstructured":"Parga AD, Doshi N, Bhat RM, Vu T, Sraa K, Casagrande S, Borra R. Transdermal drug delivery systems in atopic dermatitis: A review of vehicle innovation and skin barrier challenges. Cureus. 2025;17(10): Article e94120.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp042803"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","article-title":"Dupilumab for atopic dermatitis: The silver bullet we have been searching for?","volume":"12","author":"Tameez Ud Din A","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tameez Ud Din A, Malik I, Arshad D, Tameez Ud Din A. Dupilumab for atopic dermatitis: The silver bullet we have been searching for? 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