{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T09:59:36Z","timestamp":1790762376265,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020950","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSTC-113-2314-B-182A-054-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC-113-2314-B-182A-054-MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020950","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012553","name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CORPG3P0461-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CORPG3P0461-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012553","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["spj.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biomater Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Methicillin-resistant\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (MRSA) remains a critical global health threat, necessitating innovative therapeutic strategies. Inspired by the multi-antigenic features and homotypic binding of MRSA extracellular vesicles (EVs), we aimed to develop a biomimetic nanoplatform cloaked with MRSA-derived EV, termed EV-NP, to integrate vaccine and antibiotic functionalities. EV-NP were efficiently internalized by macrophages and dendritic cells, promoting robust humoral and cellular immune responses, as evidenced by elevated immunoglobulin G titers and CD69 expression. When loaded with rifampicin (RF), the nanoplatform demonstrated homologous targeting to MRSA via EV-mediated adhesion, enhancing drug delivery to intracellular bacteria and biofilm. In a murine bacteremia model, EV-NP vaccination and RF-loaded EV-NP therapy each significantly reduced bacterial burden and proinflammatory cytokine expression, improving survival to 62 and 41 h, respectively. Sequential prophylaxis and therapy extended survival to 140 h. The EV-NP system also attenuated EV-associated hemolysis and showed no acute toxicity. This \u201cwolf-in-sheep\u2019s-clothing\u201d strategy offers a versatile approach for both prevention and treatment of MRSA infection.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.34133\/bmr.0411","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T22:29:18Z","timestamp":1789079358000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Extracellular Vesicle-Mimetic Nanoplatforms for Integrated Vaccination and Targeted Antibiotic Therapy against MRSA Bacteremia: A Wolf in Sheep\u2019s Clothing"],"prefix":"10.34133","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Yu-Kuo","family":"Chung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng-Yu","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, \rTaipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2569-4200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-Ting","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutics Laboratory, \rGraduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yen-Tzu","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, \rThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Alalaiwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, \rCollege of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huang-Ping","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Kweishan","place":["Taiwan"]},{"name":"School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2114-7709","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jia-You","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutics Laboratory, \rGraduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan."},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Kweishan","place":["Taiwan"]},{"name":"Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Center for Drug Research and Development, \rChang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-024-01105-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01867-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2024.103991"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2024.115320"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202501616"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sstr.202300473"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009508","article-title":"Microbiota-host communications: Bacterial extracellular vesicles as a common language","volume":"17","author":"Palomino RA\u00d1","year":"2021","unstructured":"Palomino RA\u00d1, Vanpouille C, Costantini PE, Margolis L. 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