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Here, we test the hypothesis that increases in load inertia may alter the muscle synergies, and the change in synergy may correlate with cortical activation. Twelve healthy subjects participated in the study. Each subject lifted dumbbells (either 0, 3, or 15 pounds) from the resting position to the armpit repetitively at 1 Hz. Surface electromyographic signals were collected from 8 muscles around the shoulder and the elbow, and hemodynamic signals were collected using functional near-infrared spectroscopy from motor-related regions Brodmann Area 4 (BA4) and BA6. Results showed that, given higher inertia, the synergy vectors differed farther from the baseline. Moreover, synergy similarity on the vector decreased linearly with cortical responses in BA4 and BA6, which associated with increases in inertia. Despite studies in literature that movements with similar kinematics tend not to differ in synergy vectors, we show a different possibility that the synergy vectors may deviate from a baseline. At least 2 consequences of adding inertia have been identified: to decrease synergy similarity and to increase motor cortical activity. The dual effects potentially provide a new benchmark for therapeutic goal setting.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.34133\/cbsystems.0033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,29]],"date-time":"2023-04-29T05:03:21Z","timestamp":1682744601000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Heavier Load Alters Upper Limb Muscle Synergy with Correlated fNIRS Responses in BA4 and BA6"],"prefix":"10.34133","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Zhi","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, \rShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China."},{"name":"School of Medicine, \rShanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, \rShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China."},{"name":"School of Medicine, \rShanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, \rShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongjun","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, \rShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong Joo","family":"Loh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, \rTan-Tock-Seng Hospital, Singapore."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, \rShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China."},{"name":"School of Medicine, \rShanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuanxin M.","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, \rShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China."},{"name":"School of Medicine, \rShanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-0129","article-title":"Progressive resistance training after stroke: Effects on muscle strength, muscle tone, gait performance and perceived participation","volume":"40","author":"Flansbjer U","year":"2008","unstructured":"Flansbjer U, Miller M, Downham D, Lexell J. 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