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Intravesical instillation of Bacillus Calmette\u2013Gu\u00e9rin (BCG) combined with chemotherapy has been employed to improve bladder cancer treatment efficacy, but outcomes are often limited by high-dose drug irritation, poor patient tolerance, and insufficient targeting. To overcome these limitations, we propose a microrobot (MR)-based targeted drug delivery strategy for precise co-delivery of BCG and paclitaxel to bladder tumors, facilitating sustained drug release and minimizing off-target effects. The MRs are fabricated using a layer-by-layer assembly technique, incorporating antitumor drugs, magnetic nanoparticles, and viable BCG. Under the synergistic action of external magnetic fields and hydrogen microbubbles generated through chemical reactions, the MRs achieve targeted navigation and effective accumulation within the 3-dimensional tumor microenvironment. Subsequently, the combined chemotherapeutic and immunostimulatory effects effectively inhibit tumor progression. This approach not only minimizes off-target effects but also facilitates sustained drug release. Additionally, a wearable magnetic fixation device based on a Halbach array is employed to fixate the MRs at the targeted region, further improving drug retention and enhancing therapeutic efficacy. The experimental results demonstrate that this MR-based delivery system holds considerable potential for clinical translation into combination therapies for bladder cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.34133\/cbsystems.0492","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T04:24:42Z","timestamp":1765859082000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Hybrid-Driven Bacillus Calmette\u2013Gu\u00e9rin Carrier for Targeted Immuno-Chemo Combo Therapy in Bladder Cancer"],"prefix":"10.34133","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Zhanxiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, \rHarbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, \rHarbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China."},{"name":"Suzhou Research Institute of HIT, Suzhou 215104, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongcheng","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, \rHarbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhang","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, \rHarbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiawen","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, \rHarbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laishou","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, \rHarbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianqian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacturing of Precision Medicine Equipment, School of Mechanical Engineering, \rSoutheast University, Nanjing 211189, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinjian","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, \rSoochow University, Suzhou 215137, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9483-457X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tianlong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, \rHarbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.17598"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.3800","article-title":"Estimated costs and long-term outcomes of patients with high-risk non\u2013muscle-invasive bladder cancer treated with bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin in the Veterans Affairs Health System","volume":"4","author":"Williams SB","year":"2021","unstructured":"Williams SB, Howard LE, Foster ML, Klaassen Z, Sieluk J, De Hoedt AM, Freedland SJ. 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