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To address these challenges, we propose a maxillofacial tumor treatment system termed RAMRS, comprising 2 modules: robot-assisted osteotomy and augmented reality-guided reconstruction (ARR). Within therobot-assisted osteotomy module, a hand\u2013eye calibration framework is used to support robotic arm positioning, while preoperative CT-to-patient spatial alignment is achieved through an optical probe-mediated registration method, supporting robot-assisted osteotomy according to the preoperative plan. The ARR module incorporates a rotating-caliper-based calibration compensation framework to reduce marker registration errors caused by manual instability or fiducial marker deformation. Subsequently, quick-response markers are used to achieve spatial alignment between the preoperative 3-dimensional model and the intraoperative defective mandible, and the virtual mandibular model is projected onto a display visible to the surgeon, thereby providing intuitive intraoperative guidance. Validation experiments were conducted on cadaveric and ex\u00a0vivo specimens. The results demonstrated favorable accuracy in osteotomy and reconstruction alignment in the evaluated experiments, while the ARR module achieved low 2-dimensional fusion error for augmented reality visualization. These findings support the feasibility of the proposed workflow in preclinical settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.34133\/cbsystems.0590","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T21:45:32Z","timestamp":1777499132000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Robot-Assisted Osteotomy and Reconstruction with AR Guidance in Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery"],"prefix":"10.34133","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Sifan","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory for Surgical Navigation Robots with Augmented Reality, School of Optics and Photonics, \rBeijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingfan","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory for Surgical Navigation Robots with Augmented Reality, School of Optics and Photonics, \rBeijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China."},{"name":"Zhengzhou Research Institute, \rBeijing Institute of Technology, Zhengzhou 450003, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Long","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory for Surgical Navigation Robots with Augmented Reality, School of Optics and Photonics, \rBeijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China."},{"name":"Zhengzhou Research Institute, \rBeijing Institute of Technology, Zhengzhou 450003, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, \rChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory for Surgical Navigation Robots with Augmented Reality, School of Optics and Photonics, \rBeijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danni","family":"Ai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory for Surgical Navigation Robots with Augmented Reality, School of Optics and Photonics, \rBeijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China."},{"name":"Zhengzhou Research Institute, \rBeijing Institute of Technology, Zhengzhou 450003, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianyu","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory for Surgical Navigation Robots with Augmented Reality, School of Medical Science and Engineering, \rBeijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deqiang","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory for Surgical Navigation Robots with Augmented Reality, School of Optics and Photonics, \rBeijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China."},{"name":"Zhengzhou Research Institute, \rBeijing Institute of Technology, Zhengzhou 450003, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory for Surgical Navigation Robots with Augmented Reality, School of Computer Science and Technology, \rBeijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, \rChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory for Surgical Navigation Robots with Augmented Reality, School of Optics and Photonics, \rBeijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China."},{"name":"Zhengzhou Research Institute, \rBeijing Institute of Technology, Zhengzhou 450003, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2333","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13102333","article-title":"Evaluation of effective condyle positioning assisted by 3D surgical guide in mandibular reconstruction using osteocutaneous free flap","volume":"13","author":"Kim SR","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kim SR, Jang S, Ahn K-M, Lee J-H. 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