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Here, we develop a meter-scale flapping-wing robot for controlled investigation of takeoff strategies. We show that a flapping\u2013pitch effect, arising from flapping kinematics and aeroelastic interactions, enables pitch modulation at low speeds where conventional control surfaces have limited authority. In parallel, we establish a lattice-Boltzmann-method (LBM)-based 2-way fluid\u2013structure interaction (FSI) framework for the full-process simulation of flapping-wing takeoff. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first LBM-based 2-way FSI analysis that resolves the complete takeoff dynamics of a meter-scale flapping-wing robotic system. Under the tested conditions, the 15\u00b0 low-angle strategy increased the total flight distance by 49% relative to that of the 65\u00b0 strategy and reached a comparable altitude at the 3-s evaluation time. These results provide engineering-based physical evidence that may help interpret certain avian takeoff strategies and highlight the role of the flapping\u2013pitch effect in low-speed flight control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.34133\/cbsystems.0714","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T08:59:46Z","timestamp":1789635586000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Birdlike Takeoff Strategies Enabled by Flapping\u2013Pitch Effect in a Meter-Scale Flapping-Wing Robot"],"prefix":"10.34133","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2074-1909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haoyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Robotics and Advanced Manufacture, \rHarbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518052, China."},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Morphing Mechanisms and Adaptive Robots","place":["China"]},{"name":"Guangdong Biomimetic Intelligent Unmanned System Engineering Technology Research Center","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siping","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Robotics and Advanced Manufacture, \rHarbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518052, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yihang","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Robotics and Advanced Manufacture, \rHarbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518052, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenkun","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Robotics and Advanced Manufacture, \rHarbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518052, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jizhou","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Robotics and Advanced Manufacture, \rHarbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518052, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zihao","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Robotics and Advanced Manufacture, \rHarbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518052, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erzhen","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Robotics and Advanced Manufacture, \rHarbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518052, China."},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Morphing Mechanisms and Adaptive Robots","place":["China"]},{"name":"Guangdong Biomimetic Intelligent Unmanned System Engineering Technology Research Center","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junzhi","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, Department of Advanced Manufacturing and Robotics, College of Engineering, \rPeking University, Beijing 100871, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8218-6061","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wenfu","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Robotics and Advanced Manufacture, \rHarbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518052, China."},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Morphing Mechanisms and Adaptive Robots","place":["China"]},{"name":"Guangdong Biomimetic Intelligent Unmanned System Engineering Technology Research Center","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1007\/s00265-007-0387-1","article-title":"Escape take-off strategies in birds: The significance of protective cover","volume":"61","author":"Kullberg C","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kullberg C, Lafrenz M. 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