{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T02:00:44Z","timestamp":1792807244435,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":169,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. 62102008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 62102008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Peking University People\u2019s Hospital Scientific Research Development Funds","award":["RDJP2022-39"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RDJP2022-39"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/035adwg89","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Clinical Medicine Plus X - Young Scholars Project of Peking University, the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["PKU2024LCXQ030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PKU2024LCXQ030"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["spj.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Data Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Importance:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Heart sound auscultation is a routinely used physical examination in clinical practice to identify potential cardiac abnormalities. However, accurate interpretation of heart sounds requires specialized training and experience, which limits its generalizability. Deep learning, a subset of machine learning, involves training artificial neural networks to learn from large datasets and perform complex tasks with intricate patterns. Over the past decade, deep learning has been successfully applied to heart sound analysis, achieving remarkable results and accumulating substantial heart sound data for model training. Although several reviews have summarized deep learning algorithms for heart sound analysis, there is a lack of comprehensive summaries regarding the available heart sound data and the clinical applications.\n                    <jats:bold>Highlights:<\/jats:bold>\n                    This review will compile the commonly used heart sound datasets, introduce the fundamentals and state-of-the-art techniques in heart sound analysis and deep learning, and summarize the current applications of deep learning for heart sound analysis, along with their limitations and areas for future improvement.\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The integration of deep learning into heart sound analysis represents a significant advancement in clinical practice. The growing availability of heart sound datasets and the continuous development of deep learning techniques contribute to the improvement and broader clinical adoption of these models. However, ongoing research is needed to address existing challenges and refine these technologies for broader clinical use.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.34133\/hds.0182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]],"date-time":"2024-08-14T07:37:52Z","timestamp":1723621072000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Deep Learning in Heart Sound Analysis: From Techniques to Clinical Applications"],"prefix":"10.34133","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4274-3905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qinghao","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, \rPeking University People\u2019s Hospital, Beijing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shijia","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HeartVoice Medical Technology, Hefei, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boya","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education\/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, \rPeking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yutong","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, \rPeking University People\u2019s Hospital, Beijing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenchang","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, \rPeking University People\u2019s Hospital, Beijing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baochen","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, \rPeking University People\u2019s Hospital, Beijing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, \rPeking University People\u2019s Hospital, Beijing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, \rPeking University People\u2019s Hospital, Beijing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gongzheng","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Health Data Science, \rPeking University, Beijing, China."},{"name":"Institute of Medical Technology, \rHealth Science Center of Peking University, Beijing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deyun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HeartVoice Medical Technology, Hefei, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxi","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, \rTianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China."},{"name":"DCST, BNRist, RIIT, Institute of Internet Industry, \rTsinghua University, Beijing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, \rPeking University People\u2019s Hospital, Beijing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shenda","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Health Data Science, \rPeking University, Beijing, China."},{"name":"Institute of Medical Technology, \rHealth Science Center of Peking University, Beijing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"Bonow RO Mann DL Zipes DP Libby P. 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