{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T08:33:13Z","timestamp":1786523593576,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["72342017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["72342017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["72204071"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["72204071"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Foundation for Scholars of HZNU","award":["4265C50221204119"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4265C50221204119"]}]},{"name":"National Science and Technology Innovation 2030, Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project","award":["2024ZD0524301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024ZD0524301"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["spj.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Data Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Light-intensity physical activity (LPA) constitutes a substantial portion of daily activities; however, it is more challenging to record and measure accurately compared to moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA). Consequently, the health benefits associated with LPA are frequently overlooked. Our study aimed to investigate the associations of LPA pattern including objectively measured LPA\u2019s duration, proportion, and timing with risk of incident cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    With the UK Biobank, 83,658 participants free of CVD with valid accelerometry data were included between 2013 and 2015. Data on physical activity (PA) were collected using the Axivity AX3 wrist-based triaxial accelerometer worn for 1 week. LPA duration was estimated using machine learning models based on bouts data from wrist-worn accelerometers. The LPA proportion was calculated by dividing the amount of LPA by the sum of LPA and MVPA. LPA timing was determined using hierarchical clustering analysis based on the average duration of LPA within each time window across the 24-h cycle. CVDs of interest including coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, heart failure (HF), and atrial fibrillation (AF) were identified through the linkage to hospital admission records and death registers.\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Over a median follow-up duration of 7.98 (interquartile range: 7.43 to 8.47) years, a total of 2,239 CVDs, including 1,014 CHDs, 352 strokes, 796 AFs, and 194 HFs, were recorded. An L-shaped relationship was found between LPA duration and the risk of HF. Compared to individuals in the lowest quartile, those in the second (hazard ratio [HR], 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.44, 0.93), third (HR, 0.56; 95% CI: 0.37, 0.84), and highest quartile (HR, 0.65; 95% CI: 0.43, 0.99) of daily LPA were associated with lower risks of HF. Higher LPA in the morning, midday, and evening was associated with a higher risk of HF, whereas higher LPA in the night showed an adverse impact on HF risk. These findings were not observed for CHD, stroke, and AF.\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Our findings highlighted that maintaining sufficient duration of LPA might be beneficial for HF as a compensatory PA strategy, but it is also essential to regulate the proportion and timing of LPA.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.34133\/hds.0470","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T07:47:09Z","timestamp":1776412029000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association of Accelerometer-Measured Light-Intensity Physical Activity with Cardiovascular Diseases: A Large Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.34133","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Lihui","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, \rTianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China."},{"name":"School of Public Health, \rHangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, \rZhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7093-4076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yujia","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, \rTianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongxi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, \rTianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, \rTianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China."},{"name":"School of Integrative Medicine, Public Health Science and Engineering College, \rTianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, \rTianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenjie","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, \rHangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaogang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, \rTianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China."},{"name":"School of Integrative Medicine, Public Health Science and Engineering College, \rTianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China."},{"name":"National Institute of Health Data Science at Peking University, \rPeking University, Beijing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"24","key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2020-102955","article-title":"World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour","volume":"54","author":"Bull FC","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bull FC, Al-Ansari SS, Biddle S, Borodulin K, Buman MP, Cardon G, Carty C, Chaput JP, Chastin S, Chou R, et al. World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Br J Sports Med. 2020;54(24):1451\u20131462.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13528","article-title":"The role of physical activity in the regulation of body weight: The overlooked contribution of light physical activity and sedentary behaviors","volume":"24","author":"Bourdier P","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bourdier P, Simon C, Bessesen DH, Blanc S, Bergouignan A. The role of physical activity in the regulation of body weight: The overlooked contribution of light physical activity and sedentary behaviors. Obes Rev. 2023;24(2): Article e13528.","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1079857"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2024.03.022","article-title":"Intensity-specific physical activity measured by accelerometer, genetic susceptibility, and the risk of kidney stone disease: Results from the UK biobank","volume":"84","author":"Liu Y","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu Y, Ku PW, Li Z, Yang H, Zhang T, Chen L, Xia Y, Bai S. Intensity-specific physical activity measured by accelerometer, genetic susceptibility, and the risk of kidney stone disease: Results from the UK biobank. Am J Kidney Dis. 2024;84(4):437\u2013446 e1.","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwae273","article-title":"Accelerometer-measured intensity-specific physical activity, genetic predisposition, and the risk of venous thromboembolism: A cohort study","volume":"32","author":"Ye R","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ye R, Yang H, Li S, Ji C, Chen L, Zhao Y, Zhao L, Xia Y. Accelerometer-measured intensity-specific physical activity, genetic predisposition, and the risk of venous thromboembolism: A cohort study. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2025;32(1):65\u201374.","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34133\/hds.0257"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2024.01.010","article-title":"Public health importance of light intensity physical activity","volume":"13","author":"Ross R","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ross R, Janssen I, Tremblay MS. Public health importance of light intensity physical activity. J Sport Health Sci. 2024;13(5):674\u2013675.","journal-title":"J Sport Health Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2020.6331","article-title":"Association of physical activity intensity with mortality: A national cohort study of 403 681 US adults","volume":"181","author":"Wang Y","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang Y, Nie J, Ferrari G, Rey-Lopez JP, Rezende LFM. Association of physical activity intensity with mortality: A national cohort study of 403 681 US adults. JAMA Intern Med. 2021;181(2):203\u2013211.","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-022-01393-y","article-title":"Associations of physical activity intensity with incident cardiovascular diseases and mortality among 366,566 UK adults","volume":"19","author":"Mu X","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mu X, Liu S, Fu M, Luo M, Ding D, Chen L, Yu K. Associations of physical activity intensity with incident cardiovascular diseases and mortality among 366,566 UK adults. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2022;19(1):151.","journal-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-024-01615-5","article-title":"Device-measured sedentary time and intensity-specific physical activity in relation to all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality: The UK Biobank cohort study","volume":"21","author":"Rezende LFM","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rezende LFM, Ahmadi M, Ferrari G, Del Pozo Cruz B, Lee IM, Ekelund U, Stamatakis E. Device-measured sedentary time and intensity-specific physical activity in relation to all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality: The UK Biobank cohort study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2024;21(1):68.","journal-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-024-01593-8","article-title":"Leisure-time and occupational physical activity and risk of cardiovascular disease incidence: A systematic-review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies","volume":"21","author":"Kazemi A","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kazemi A, Soltani S, Aune D, Hosseini E, Mokhtari Z, Hassanzadeh Z, Jayedi A, Pitanga F, Akhlaghi M. Leisure-time and occupational physical activity and risk of cardiovascular disease incidence: A systematic-review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2024;21(1):45.","journal-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.0405","article-title":"Light physical activity and incident coronary heart disease and cardiovascular disease among older women\u2014A call for action","volume":"2","author":"Heath GW","year":"2019","unstructured":"Heath GW. Light physical activity and incident coronary heart disease and cardiovascular disease among older women\u2014A call for action. JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(3): Article e190405.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-022-1749-0"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjebm-2024-112933","article-title":"Associations between device-measured and self-reported physical activity and common mental disorders: Findings from a large-scale prospective cohort study","volume":"30","author":"Wang Z","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang Z, Cao Z, Min JH, Duan TS, Xu CJ. Associations between device-measured and self-reported physical activity and common mental disorders: Findings from a large-scale prospective cohort study. BMJ Evid Based Med. 2024;30(1):45\u201354.","journal-title":"BMJ Evid Based Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2023.5692","article-title":"Accelerometer-measured physical activity, sedentary time, and heart failure risk in women aged 63 to 99 years","volume":"9","author":"LaMonte MJ","year":"2024","unstructured":"LaMonte MJ, LaCroix AZ, Nguyen S, Evenson KR, Di C, Stefanick ML, Hyde ET, Anuskiewicz B, Eaton CB. Accelerometer-measured physical activity, sedentary time, and heart failure risk in women aged 63 to 99 years. JAMA Cardiol. 2024;9(4):336\u2013345.","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.0419","article-title":"Association of light physical activity measured by accelerometry and incidence of coronary heart disease and cardiovascular disease in older women","volume":"2","author":"LaCroix AZ","year":"2019","unstructured":"LaCroix AZ, Bellettiere J, Rillamas-Sun E, Di C, Evenson KR, Lewis CE, Buchner DM, Stefanick ML, Lee IM, Rosenberg DE, et al. Association of light physical activity measured by accelerometry and incidence of coronary heart disease and cardiovascular disease in older women. JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(3): Article e190419.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-024-06090-y","article-title":"Relationship of device measured physical activity type and posture with cardiometabolic health markers: Pooled dose-response associations from the prospective physical activity, sitting and sleep consortium","volume":"67","author":"Ahmadi MN","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ahmadi MN, Blodgett JM, Atkin AJ, Chan HW, Del Pozo Cruz B, Suorsa K, Bakker EA, Pulsford RM, Mielke GI, Johansson PJ, et al. Relationship of device measured physical activity type and posture with cardiometabolic health markers: Pooled dose-response associations from the prospective physical activity, sitting and sleep consortium. Diabetologia. 2024;67(6):1051\u20131065.","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097563","article-title":"How does light-intensity physical activity associate with adult cardiometabolic health and mortality? Systematic review with meta-analysis of experimental and observational studies","volume":"53","author":"Chastin SFM","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chastin SFM, De Craemer M, De Cocker K, Powell L, Van Cauwenberg J, Dall P, Hamer M, Stamatakis E. How does light-intensity physical activity associate with adult cardiometabolic health and mortality? Systematic review with meta-analysis of experimental and observational studies. Br J Sports Med. 2019;53(6):370\u2013376.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-36546-5","article-title":"Associations of timing of physical activity with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a prospective cohort study","volume":"14","author":"Feng H","year":"2023","unstructured":"Feng H, Yang L, Liang YY, Ai S, Liu Y, Liu Y, Jin X, Lei B, Wang J, Zheng N, et al. Associations of timing of physical activity with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a prospective cohort study. Nat Commun. 2023;14(1):930.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwac239","article-title":"Setting your clock: Associations between timing of objective physical activity and cardiovascular disease risk in the general population","volume":"30","author":"Albalak G","year":"2022","unstructured":"Albalak G, Stijntjes M, van Bodegom D, Jukema JW, Atsma DE, van Heemst D, Noordam R. Setting your clock: Associations between timing of objective physical activity and cardiovascular disease risk in the general population. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2022;30(3):232\u2013240.","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2024.2526","article-title":"Culturally adapted lifestyle intervention for South Asian adults with cardiovascular risk factors: The SAHELI randomized clinical trial","volume":"9","author":"Kandula NR","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kandula NR, Shah NS, Kumar S, Charley M, Clauson M, Lancki N, Finch EA, Ehrlich-Jones L, Rao G, Spring B, et al. Culturally adapted lifestyle intervention for South Asian adults with cardiovascular risk factors: The SAHELI randomized clinical trial. JAMA Cardiol. 2024;9(11):973\u2013981.","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"issue":"10265","key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1780","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32229-7","article-title":"Physical activity guidelines 2020: Comprehensive and inclusive recommendations to activate populations","volume":"396","author":"Ding D","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ding D, Mutrie N, Bauman A, Pratt M, Hallal PRC, Powell KE. Physical activity guidelines 2020: Comprehensive and inclusive recommendations to activate populations. Lancet. 2020;396(10265):1780\u20131782.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-017-0724-0","article-title":"Health benefits of light-intensity physical activity: A systematic review of accelerometer data of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)","volume":"47","author":"Fuzeki E","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fuzeki E, Engeroff T, Banzer W. Health benefits of light-intensity physical activity: A systematic review of accelerometer data of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Sports Med. 2017;47(9):1769\u20131793.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"7726","key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0579-z","article-title":"The UK Biobank resource with deep phenotyping and genomic data","volume":"562","author":"Bycroft C","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bycroft C, Freeman C, Petkova D, Band G, Elliott LT, Sharp K, Motyer A, Vukcevic D, Delaneau O, O\u2019Connell J, et al. The UK Biobank resource with deep phenotyping and genomic data. Nature. 2018;562(7726):203\u2013209.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0169649","article-title":"Large scale population assessment of physical activity using wrist worn accelerometers: The UK Biobank study","volume":"12","author":"Doherty A","year":"2017","unstructured":"Doherty A, Jackson D, Hammerla N, Pl\u00f6tz T, Olivier P, Granat MH, White T, van Hees VT, Trenell MI, Owen CG, et al. Large scale population assessment of physical activity using wrist worn accelerometers: The UK Biobank study. PLOS One. 2017;12(2): Article e0169649.","journal-title":"PLOS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyu203","article-title":"Physical activity levels in three Brazilian birth cohorts as assessed with raw triaxial wrist accelerometry","volume":"43","author":"Silva IC","year":"2014","unstructured":"da Silva IC, van Hees VT, Ramires VV, Knuth AG, Bielemann RM, Ekelund U, Brage S, Hallal PC. Physical activity levels in three Brazilian birth cohorts as assessed with raw triaxial wrist accelerometry. Int J Epidemiol. 2014;43(6):1959\u20131968.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"18","key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2021-104050","article-title":"Reallocation of time between device-measured movement behaviours and risk of incident cardiovascular disease","volume":"56","author":"Walmsley R","year":"2021","unstructured":"Walmsley R, Chan S, Smith-Byrne K, Ramakrishnan R, Woodward M, Rahimi K, Dwyer T, Bennett D, Doherty A. Reallocation of time between device-measured movement behaviours and risk of incident cardiovascular disease. Br J Sports Med. 2021;56(18):1008\u20131017.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00421.2014","article-title":"Autocalibration of accelerometer data for free-living physical activity assessment using local gravity and temperature: An evaluation on four continents","volume":"117","author":"Hees VT","year":"2014","unstructured":"van Hees VT, Fang Z, Langford J, Assah F, Mohammad A, da Silva IC, Trenell MI, White T, Wareham NJ, Brage S, Autocalibration of accelerometer data for free-living physical activity assessment using local gravity and temperature: An evaluation on four continents. J Appl Physiol. 2014;117(7):738\u2013744.","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"46","key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4789","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac613","article-title":"Physical activity volume, intensity, and incident cardiovascular disease","volume":"43","author":"Dempsey PC","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dempsey PC, Rowlands A, Strain T, Zaccardi F, Dawkins N, Razieh C, Davies MJ, Khunti KK, Edwardson CL, Wijndaele K, et al. Physical activity volume, intensity, and incident cardiovascular disease. Eur Heart J. 2022;43(46):4789\u20134800.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000078924.61453.FB","article-title":"International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity","volume":"35","author":"Craig CL","year":"2003","unstructured":"Craig CL, Marshall AL, Sjostrom M, Bauman AE, Booth ML, Ainsworth BE, Pratt M, Ekelund U, Yngve A, Sallis JF, et al. International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003;35(8):1381\u20131395.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S498","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200009001-00009","article-title":"Compendium of physical activities: An update of activity codes and MET intensities","volume":"32","author":"Ainsworth BE","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ainsworth BE, Haskell WL, Whitt MC, Irwin ML, Swartz AM, Strath SJ, O\u2019Brien WL, Bassett DR Jr, Schmitz KH, Emplaincourt PO, et al. Compendium of physical activities: An update of activity codes and MET intensities. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000;32(9 Suppl):S498\u2013S504.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1007\/s00357-014-9161-z","article-title":"Ward\u2019s hierarchical agglomerative clustering method: Which algorithms implement Ward\u2019s criterion?","volume":"31","author":"Murtagh F","year":"2014","unstructured":"Murtagh F, Legendre P. Ward\u2019s hierarchical agglomerative clustering method: Which algorithms implement Ward\u2019s criterion? J Classif. 2014;31(3):274\u2013295.","journal-title":"J Classif"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6704","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-42523-9","article-title":"Healthy dietary patterns and the risk of individual chronic diseases in community-dwelling adults","volume":"14","author":"Shang X","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shang X, Liu J, Zhu Z, Zhang X, Huang Y, Liu S, Wang W, Zhang X, Tang S, Hu Y, et al. Healthy dietary patterns and the risk of individual chronic diseases in community-dwelling adults. Nat Commun. 2023;14(1):6704.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2776","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-1109","article-title":"Baseline vitamin D status, sleep patterns, and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes in data from the UK Biobank study","volume":"43","author":"Wang M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang M, Zhou T, Li X, Ma H, Liang Z, Fonseca VA, Heianza Y, Qi L. Baseline vitamin D status, sleep patterns, and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes in data from the UK Biobank study. Diabetes Care. 2020;43(11):2776\u20132784.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13610","article-title":"Role of sleep quality in the acceleration of biological aging and its potential for preventive interaction on air pollution insults: Findings from the UK Biobank cohort","volume":"21","author":"Gao X","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gao X, Huang N, Guo X, Huang T. Role of sleep quality in the acceleration of biological aging and its potential for preventive interaction on air pollution insults: Findings from the UK Biobank cohort. Aging Cell. 2022;21(5): Article e13610.","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz849","article-title":"Sleep patterns, genetic susceptibility, and incident cardiovascular disease: A prospective study of 385 292 UK Biobank participants","volume":"41","author":"Fan M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fan M, Sun D, Zhou T, Heianza Y, Lv J, Li L, Qi L. Sleep patterns, genetic susceptibility, and incident cardiovascular disease: A prospective study of 385 292 UK Biobank participants. Eur Heart J. 2020;41(11):1182\u20131189.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0307270","article-title":"A systematic evaluation of the performance and properties of the UK Biobank polygenic risk score (PRS) release","volume":"19","author":"Thompson DJ","year":"2024","unstructured":"Thompson DJ, Wells D, Selzam S, Peneva I, Moore R, Sharp K, Tarran WA, Beard EJ, Riveros-Mckay F, Giner-Delgado C, et al. A systematic evaluation of the performance and properties of the UK Biobank polygenic risk score (PRS) release. PLOS One. 2024;19(9): Article e0307270.","journal-title":"PLOS One"},{"issue":"14","key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2022-105435","article-title":"Do associations of physical activity and sedentary behaviour with cardiovascular disease and mortality differ across socioeconomic groups? A prospective analysis of device-measured and self-reported UK Biobank data","volume":"57","author":"Paudel S","year":"2023","unstructured":"Paudel S, Ahmadi M, Phongsavan P, Hamer M, Stamatakis E. Do associations of physical activity and sedentary behaviour with cardiovascular disease and mortality differ across socioeconomic groups? A prospective analysis of device-measured and self-reported UK Biobank data. Br J Sports Med. 2023;57(14):921\u2013929.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003487","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003487","article-title":"Accelerometer measured physical activity and the incidence of cardiovascular disease: Evidence from the UK Biobank cohort study (vol 18, e1003487, 2021)","volume":"18","author":"Ramakrishnan R","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ramakrishnan R, Doherty A, Smith-Byrne K, Rahimi K, Bennett D, Woodward M, Walmsley R, Dwyer T. Accelerometer measured physical activity and the incidence of cardiovascular disease: Evidence from the UK Biobank cohort study (vol 18, e1003487, 2021). PLoS Med. 2021;18(1):e1003487.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.121.023433","article-title":"Accelerometer-derived daily life movement classified by machine learning and incidence of cardiovascular disease in older women: The OPACH study","volume":"11","author":"Nguyen S","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nguyen S, Bellettiere J, Wang GX, Di CZ, Natarajan L, LaMonte MJ, LaCroix AZ. Accelerometer-derived daily life movement classified by machine learning and incidence of cardiovascular disease in older women: The OPACH study. J Am Heart Assoc. 2022;11(5):e023433.","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/28128","article-title":"A wearable activity tracker intervention with and without weekly behavioral support emails to promote physical activity among women who are overweight or obese: Randomized controlled trial","volume":"9","author":"Black M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Black M, Brunet J. A wearable activity tracker intervention with and without weekly behavioral support emails to promote physical activity among women who are overweight or obese: Randomized controlled trial. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2021;9(12): Article e28128.","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-023-00969-7","article-title":"Association of accelerometer-measured physical activity intensity, sedentary time, and exercise time with incident Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"6","author":"Liu M","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu M, Gan X, Ye Z, Zhang Y, He P, Zhou C, Yang S, Zhang Y, Qin X. Association of accelerometer-measured physical activity intensity, sedentary time, and exercise time with incident Parkinson\u2019s disease. NPJ Digit Med. 2023;6(1):224.","journal-title":"NPJ Digit Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1991","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-3926","article-title":"Breaking up prolonged sitting alters the postprandial plasma lipidomic profile of adults with type 2 diabetes","volume":"102","author":"Grace MS","year":"2017","unstructured":"Grace MS, Dempsey PC, Sethi P, Mundra PA, Mellett NA, Weir JM, Owen N, Dunstan DW, Meikle PJ, Kingwell BA. Breaking up prolonged sitting alters the postprandial plasma lipidomic profile of adults with type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2017;102(6):1991\u20131999.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2014.04.011","article-title":"Breaking up prolonged sitting reduces resting blood pressure in overweight\/obese adults","volume":"24","author":"Larsen RN","year":"2014","unstructured":"Larsen RN, Kingwell BA, Sethi P, Cerin E, Owen N, Dunstan DW. Breaking up prolonged sitting reduces resting blood pressure in overweight\/obese adults. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2014;24(9):976\u2013982.","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1243","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00258.2023","article-title":"The 24-h activity cycle and cardiovascular outcomes: Establishing biological plausibility using arterial stiffness as an intermediate outcome","volume":"325","author":"Stoner L","year":"2023","unstructured":"Stoner L, Higgins S, Paterson C. The 24-h activity cycle and cardiovascular outcomes: Establishing biological plausibility using arterial stiffness as an intermediate outcome. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2023;325(6):H1243\u2013H1263.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"issue":"21","key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2097","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2022.03.370","article-title":"Disruption of circadian rhythms by shift work exacerbates reperfusion injury in myocardial infarction","volume":"79","author":"Zhao YC","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhao YC, Lu XY, Wan F, Gao LC, Lin N, He J, Wei L, Dong JX, Qin ZH, Zhong FY, et al. Disruption of circadian rhythms by shift work exacerbates reperfusion injury in myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022;79(21):2097\u20132115.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_3_4_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.059663","article-title":"Association between device-measured physical activity and incident heart failure: A prospective cohort study of 94\u2009739 UK Biobank participants","volume":"146","author":"Ho FK","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ho FK, Zhou Z, Petermann-Rocha F, Para-Soto S, Boonpor J, Welsh P, Gill JMR, Gray SR, Sattar N, Pell JP, et al. Association between device-measured physical activity and incident heart failure: A prospective cohort study of 94\u2009739 UK Biobank participants. Circulation. 2022;146(12):883\u2013891.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_3_4_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwx246","article-title":"Comparison of sociodemographic and health-related characteristics of UK Biobank participants with those of the general population","volume":"186","author":"Fry A","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fry A, Littlejohns TJ, Sudlow C, Doherty N, Adamska L, Sprosen T, Collins R, Allen NE. Comparison of sociodemographic and health-related characteristics of UK Biobank participants with those of the general population. Am J Epidemiol. 2017;186(9):1026\u20131034.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"}],"container-title":["Health Data Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/spj.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.34133\/hds.0470","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T08:00:57Z","timestamp":1786521657000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/spj.science.org\/doi\/10.34133\/hds.0470"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["10.34133\/hds.0470"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/hds.0470","relation":{},"ISSN":["2765-8783"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2765-8783","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-03-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-15","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"0470"}}