{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T18:23:48Z","timestamp":1779906228941,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010031","name":"Postdoctoral Research Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023M740483"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023M740483"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010031","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF","award":["GZB20230100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GZB20230100"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DUT24BS070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DUT24BS070"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["spj.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Ocean acidification is becoming more prevalent and may contribute to coral reef degradation, yet our understanding of its role in global reef decline remains limited. Therefore, there is an urgent need to study the impact of reduced pH levels on the growth patterns of major reef-building corals. Here, we studied the skeleton-forming strategies of 4 widely distributed coral species in a simulated acidified habitat with a pH of 7.6 to 7.8. We reconstructed and visualized the skeleton-forming process, quantified elemental calcium loss, and determined gene expression changes. The results suggest that different reef-building corals have diverse growing strategies in lower pH conditions. A unique \u201ccavity-like\u201d forming process starts from the inside of the skeletons of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Acropora muricata<\/jats:italic>\n                    , which sacrifices skeletal density to protect its polyp\u2013canal system. The forming patterns in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pocillopora damicornis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Montipora capricornis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Montipora foliosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    were characterized by \u201costeoporosis\u201d, exhibiting disordered skeletal structures, insufficient synthesis of adhesion proteins, and low bone mass, correspondingly. In addition, we found that damage from acidification particularly affects pre-existing skeletal structures in the colony. These results enhance our understanding of skeleton-forming strategies in major coral species under lower pH conditions, providing a foundation for coral reef protection and restoration amidst increasing ocean acidification.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.34133\/research.0736","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]],"date-time":"2025-05-23T02:23:52Z","timestamp":1747967032000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Skeleton-Forming Responses of Reef-Building Corals under Ocean Acidification"],"prefix":"10.34133","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4478-297X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yixin","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, \rDalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China."},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, \rSoutheast University, Nanjing 210096, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongwei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization in South China Sea, \rHainan University, Haikou 570228, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunpeng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, \rDalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Lab of Mangrove Conservation and Utilization, Guangxi Mangrove Research Center, \rGuangxi Academy of Sciences, Beihai 536000, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.-Y.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, \rChinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanping","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou)","place":["China"]},{"name":"South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, \rChinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510301, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zuhong","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, \rSoutheast University, Nanjing 210096, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuehuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou)","place":["China"]},{"name":"South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, \rChinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510301, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunpeng","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, \rSoutheast University, Nanjing 210096, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","first-page":"1775","article-title":"Ecological effects of ocean acidification and habitat complexity on reef-associated macroinvertebrate communities","volume":"281","author":"Fabricius KE","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fabricius KE, De\u2019ath G, Noonan S, Uthicke S. 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