{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:37:54Z","timestamp":1792024674612,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52503110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52503110"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52473083"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52473083"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Innovation Capability Support Program of Shaanxi","award":["2024RS-CXTD-57"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024RS-CXTD-57"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["spj.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    To address the inherent challenge of low reaction efficiency arising from interfacial thermal resistance in composite energetic materials, this study proposes a synergistic strategy integrating engineered thermal conduction pathways with precision catalysis for achieving high-efficiency energy release in ammonium perchlorate (AP). Heterostructured carbon nanotube (CNT)\/Co\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    was synthesized via in\u00a0situ growth of Co\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    nanoclusters on CNTs, followed by embedding onto the AP surface through spray drying-suspension coating technology. Comprehensive characterization confirmed the effective anchoring, uniform distribution, and interfacial interactions of Co\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    . With only 1 wt% CNT\/Co\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    loading, the high-temperature decomposition peak temperature of AP was dramatically reduced from 450.9 \u00b0C (pristine AP) to 310.7 \u00b0C, accompanied by a 24.3% enhancement in heat release and a substantial 64.8% reduction in activation energy. Combustion tests revealed a 72.6% increase in flame radiation intensity and a 2.3-fold acceleration in pressurization rate for AP@CNT\/Co mixing with aluminum. Mechanistic studies elucidate a tripartite synergy: (a) CNT-derived thermal conduction pathways elevate thermal conductivity, (b) Co\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    facilitates proton\/electron transfer and drives the oxidation of gaseous products toward higher-valent nitrogen oxides, and (c) surface microporosity accelerates heat\/mass diffusion. This concerted action enables focused, rapid, and efficient energy release from AP. This work establishes a generic interfacial engineering paradigm for enhancing energy release efficiency in composite energetic materials.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.34133\/research.0938","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T04:37:12Z","timestamp":1758602232000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Superior Energy Release of Ammonium Perchlorate Composites by Embedding Heterostructured Carbon Nanotube\/Tricobalt Tetraoxide Thermal Conduction Pathways"],"prefix":"10.34133","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3666-6133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruixuan","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, \rNorthwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China."},{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, \rCity University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Solid Rocket Propulsion, \rNorthwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junlian","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Solid Rocket Propulsion, \rNorthwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongqiang","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, \rNorthwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, \rNorthwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kejuan","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, \rCity University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sulan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace College, \rUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, P. R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaili","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, \rCity University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. 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