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In this study, a nitrogen-doped carbon-supported \u03b2-MoO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    catalyst with abundant oxygen vacancies (O\n                    <jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) was discovered to be robust in the reductive coupling of nitro compounds with biomass-derived alcohols toward the synthesis of organonitrogen chemicals, including imines and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                    -heterocycles with C=N bonds. The O\n                    <jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub>\n                    in \u03b2-MoO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    serves a crucial role in the adsorption and activation of substrates via the electronic interaction between the negatively charged oxygen atoms in these substrates and the O\n                    <jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub>\n                    sites in \u03b2-MoO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    . The presence of O\n                    <jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub>\n                    greatly lowers the energy barriers of the reductive coupling reaction, and the electron transfer from alcohols to nitro compounds is mediated by the Mo\n                    <jats:sup>5+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/Mo\n                    <jats:sup>6+<\/jats:sup>\n                    redox cycle. Our method demonstrates excellent selectivity to C=N bonds and is effective for a wide substrate scope including the highly inert methanol and ethanol. This study highlights the use of non-noble metal oxides as alternatives to traditional metal nanoparticles for various challenging organic transformations.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.34133\/research.0993","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T08:50:35Z","timestamp":1761727835000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Oxygen Vacancies in \u03b2-MoO\n                    <sub>3<\/sub>\n                    Mediate Imine Synthesis via Reductive Coupling of Nitro Compounds and Alcohols"],"prefix":"10.34133","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4762-6089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ziliang","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Sciences of the Ministry of Education, \rSouth-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yijing","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Industrial Catalysis, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, \rZhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, P. R. China."},{"name":"Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Green Syntheses and Applications of Fluorine-Containing Specialty Chemicals, Institute of Advanced Fluorine-Containing Materials, \rZhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingjie","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Sciences of the Ministry of Education, \rSouth-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, P. R. 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