{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T19:31:20Z","timestamp":1789500680032,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":162,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U24A20816, 82272915"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24A20816, 82272915"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["spj.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>G-quadruplex (G4) structures represent noncanonical secondary formations found in DNA and RNA. Recent research reveals that G4s are abnormally enriched in various cancers, with closely linked to malignancy, metastatic potential, and prognosis. These structures have emerged as promising biomarkers for cancer with notable clinical relevance. Concurrently, investigations into compounds that selectively recognize DNA or RNA G4s as potential anticancer agents offer new avenues for early cancer diagnosis and therapeutic strategies. This review systematically analyzes the chemical structural characteristics, structure\u2013activity relationships, anticancer effects, and mechanisms of G4-targeting molecules in cancer treatment. Additionally, it summarizes novel nucleic acid-based drugs targeting G4 structures, providing valuable insights for the future development of more specific and effective G4-targeted therapeutic agents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.34133\/research.1363","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T14:36:55Z","timestamp":1782484615000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Revealing G4 Structures as Drug Targets: Exploring the Potential of Novel Therapeutic Agents"],"prefix":"10.34133","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Ying","family":"Che","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, \rChina Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, P. R. China."},{"name":"Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, \rChina Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, P. R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, \rChina Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, P. R. China."},{"name":"Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, \rChina Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, P. R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaolong","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, \rChina Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, P. R. China."},{"name":"Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, \rChina Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, P. R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyun","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, \rChina Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, P. R. China."},{"name":"Scientific Experimental Center, School of Pharmacy, \rChina Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, P. R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yating","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Breast Surgery, \rNorth China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan 063000, Hebei, P. R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingqi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, \rChina Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, P. R. China."},{"name":"Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, \rChina Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, P. R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caizhi","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, \rChina Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, P. R. China."},{"name":"Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, \rChina Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, P. R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, \rChina Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, P. R. China."},{"name":"Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, \rChina Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, P. R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhang","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, \rChina Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, P. R. China."},{"name":"Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, \rChina Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, P. R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rongquan","family":"Gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, \rChina Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, P. R. China."},{"name":"Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, \rChina Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, P. R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, \rChina Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, P. R. China."},{"name":"Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, \rChina Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, P. R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhanlei","family":"Pei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, \rChina Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, P. R. China."},{"name":"Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, \rChina Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, P. R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiyin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, \rChina Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, P. R. China."},{"name":"Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, \rChina Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, P. R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zijian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, \rChina Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, P. R. China."},{"name":"Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, \rChina Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, P. R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haobo","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, \rChina Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, P. R. China."},{"name":"Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, \rChina Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, P. R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, \rChina Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, P. R. China."},{"name":"Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, \rChina Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, P. R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guogui","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemoradiation, \rNorth China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan 063000, Hebei, P. R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huizhe","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, \rChina Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, P. R. China."},{"name":"Scientific Experimental Center, School of Pharmacy, \rChina Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, P. R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0404-7098","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Minjie","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, \rChina Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, P. R. China."},{"name":"Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, \rChina Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, P. R. China."},{"name":"Liaoning Medical Diagnosis and Treatment Center","place":["P. R. China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21763"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1804","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031804","article-title":"Hidden information revealed using the orthogonal system of nucleic acids","volume":"23","author":"V\u00edglask\u00fd V","year":"2022","unstructured":"V\u00edglask\u00fd V. Hidden information revealed using the orthogonal system of nucleic acids. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(3):1804.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.79328","article-title":"Advanced strategies for nucleic acids and small-molecular drugs in combined anticancer therapy","volume":"19","author":"Qiu C","year":"2023","unstructured":"Qiu C, Wu Y, Shi Q, Guo Q, Zhang J, Meng Y, Wang C, Xia F, Wang J, Xu C. Advanced strategies for nucleic acids and small-molecular drugs in combined anticancer therapy. Int J Biol Sci. 2023;19(3):789\u2013810.","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.6b00325"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3233","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21093233","article-title":"Mechanisms of multidrug resistance in cancer chemotherapy","volume":"21","author":"Bukowski K","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bukowski K, Kciuk M, Kontek R. Mechanisms of multidrug resistance in cancer chemotherapy. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(9):3233.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2115","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.69424","article-title":"Platinum-based drugs for cancer therapy and anti-tumor strategies","volume":"12","author":"Zhang C","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang C, Xu C, Gao X, Yao Q. Platinum-based drugs for cancer therapy and anti-tumor strategies. Theranostics. 2022;12(5):2115\u20132132.","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab580"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa944"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab334"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab681"},{"issue":"22","key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3242","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.2c00519","article-title":"G-quadruplex DNA: A longer story","volume":"55","author":"Monsen RC","year":"2022","unstructured":"Monsen RC, Trent JO, Chaires JB. G-quadruplex DNA: A longer story. Acc Chem Res. 2022;55(22):3242\u20133252.","journal-title":"Acc Chem Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trechm.2019.07.002"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-021-01328-4","article-title":"G-quadruplexes: A promising target for cancer therapy","volume":"20","author":"Kosiol N","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kosiol N, Juranek S, Brossart P, Heine A, Paeschke K. G-quadruplexes: A promising target for cancer therapy. Mol Cancer. 2021;20(1):40.","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2023.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2024.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13543776.2023.2271168"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0CB00211A"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-020-0236-x"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2641","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky1269","article-title":"Two-quartet kit* G-quadruplex is formed via double-stranded pre-folded structure","volume":"47","author":"Kotar A","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kotar A, Rigo R, Sissi C, Plavec J. Two-quartet kit* G-quadruplex is formed via double-stranded pre-folded structure. Nucleic Acids Res. 2019;47(5):2641\u20132653.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-021-00986-6","article-title":"BG-flow, a new flow cytometry tool for G-quadruplex quantification in fixed cells","volume":"19","author":"De Magis A","year":"2021","unstructured":"De Magis A, Kastl M, Brossart P, Heine A, Paeschke K. BG-flow, a new flow cytometry tool for G-quadruplex quantification in fixed cells. BMC Biol. 2021;19(1):45.","journal-title":"BMC Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkad1073","article-title":"A sodium\/potassium switch for G4-prone G\/C-rich sequences","volume":"52","author":"Luo Y","year":"2024","unstructured":"Luo Y, \u017divkovi\u0107 ML, Wang J, Ryne\u0161 J, Foldynov\u00e1-Trant\u00edrkov\u00e1 S, Trant\u00edrek L, Verga D, Mergny JL. A sodium\/potassium switch for G4-prone G\/C-rich sequences. Nucleic Acids Res. 2024;52(1):448\u2013461.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.3c08336"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.078238.120"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2087","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkad060","article-title":"ASC-G4, an algorithm to calculate advanced structural characteristics of G-quadruplexes","volume":"51","author":"Farag M","year":"2023","unstructured":"Farag M, Messaoudi C, Mouawad L. ASC-G4, an algorithm to calculate advanced structural characteristics of G-quadruplexes. Nucleic Acids Res. 2023;51(5):2087\u20132107.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky712"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.202201487","article-title":"LiveG4ID-Seq for profiling the dynamic landscape of chromatin G-quadruplexes during cell cycle in living cells","volume":"7","author":"Teng X","year":"2023","unstructured":"Teng X, Dai Y, Li K, Wu Y, Hou H, Li J. LiveG4ID-Seq for profiling the dynamic landscape of chromatin G-quadruplexes during cell cycle in living cells. Small Methods. 2023;7(4): Article e2201487.","journal-title":"Small Methods"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1814777116"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae927"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkq259"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-14404-y","article-title":"Integrative analysis reveals RNA G-quadruplexes in UTRs are selectively constrained and enriched for functional associations","volume":"11","author":"Lee DSM","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lee DSM, Ghanem LR, Barash Y. Integrative analysis reveals RNA G-quadruplexes in UTRs are selectively constrained and enriched for functional associations. Nat Commun. 2020;11(1):527.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"18","key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4369","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29184369","article-title":"Cross-effects in folding and phase transitions of hnRNP A1 and C9Orf72 RNA G4 in\u00a0vitro","volume":"29","author":"Vedekhina T","year":"2024","unstructured":"Vedekhina T, Svetlova J, Pavlova I, Barinov N, Alieva S, Malakhova E, Rubtsov P, Shtork A, Klinov D, Varizhuk A. Cross-effects in folding and phase transitions of hnRNP A1 and C9Orf72 RNA G4 in\u00a0vitro. Molecules. 2024;29(18):4369.","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm.2017.103","article-title":"Functional 5\u2032 UTR mRNA structures in eukaryotic translation regulation and how to find them","volume":"19","author":"Leppek K","year":"2017","unstructured":"Leppek K, Das R, Barna M. Functional 5\u2032 UTR mRNA structures in eukaryotic translation regulation and how to find them. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2017;19(3):158\u2013174.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"57","key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15365","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.201803367","article-title":"DNA-RNA hybrid quadruplexes reveal interactions that favor RNA parallel topologies","volume":"24","author":"Haase L","year":"2018","unstructured":"Haase L, Dickerhoff J, Weisz K. DNA-RNA hybrid quadruplexes reveal interactions that favor RNA parallel topologies. Chemistry. 2018;24(57):15365\u201315371.","journal-title":"Chemistry"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae732"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biochem.0c00657"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2019.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-59745-363-9_5","article-title":"Biochemical techniques for the characterization of G-quadruplex structures: EMSA, DMS footprinting, and DNA polymerase stop assay","volume":"608","author":"Sun D","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sun D, Hurley LH. Biochemical techniques for the characterization of G-quadruplex structures: EMSA, DMS footprinting, and DNA polymerase stop assay. Methods Mol Biol. 2010;608:65\u201379.","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-9666-7_4","article-title":"Biosensor-surface plasmon resonance: Label-free method for investigation of small molecule-quadruplex nucleic acid interactions","volume":"2035","author":"Paul A","year":"2019","unstructured":"Paul A, Musetti C, Nanjunda R, Wilson WD. Biosensor-surface plasmon resonance: Label-free method for investigation of small molecule-quadruplex nucleic acid interactions. Methods Mol Biol. 2019;2035:63\u201385.","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"issue":"20","key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6781","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27206781","article-title":"G-quadruplex aptamer-ligand characterization","volume":"27","author":"Moreira D","year":"2022","unstructured":"Moreira D, Leit\u00e3o D, Lopes-Nunes J, Santos T, Figueiredo J, Miranda A, Alexandre D, Tomaz C, Mergny JL, Cruz C. G-quadruplex aptamer-ligand characterization. Molecules. 2022;27(20):6781.","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2024.126732","article-title":"Determination of ligand selectivity to G-tetrad through an AMCA fluorescence quenching approach","volume":"280","author":"Zhong F","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhong F, Sun R, Huang S, Guo P, Li Q, Wang L, Sun H, Yao L. Determination of ligand selectivity to G-tetrad through an AMCA fluorescence quenching approach. Talanta. 2024;280: Article 126732.","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2019.04.041","article-title":"Thiazole orange - Spermine conjugate: A potent human telomerase inhibitor comparable to BRACO-19","volume":"175","author":"Wang S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang S, Yang D, Singh M, Joo H, Rangel VM, Tran A, Phan E, Xue L. Thiazole orange - Spermine conjugate: A potent human telomerase inhibitor comparable to BRACO-19. Eur J Med Chem. 2019;175:20\u201333.","journal-title":"Eur J Med Chem"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0102711","article-title":"Elevated levels of G-quadruplex formation in human stomach and liver cancer tissues","volume":"9","author":"Biffi G","year":"2014","unstructured":"Biffi G, Tannahill D, Miller J, Howat WJ, Balasubramanian S. Elevated levels of G-quadruplex formation in human stomach and liver cancer tissues. PLOS One. 2014;9(7): Article e102711.","journal-title":"PLOS One"},{"issue":"50","key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23096","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.2c10656","article-title":"DNA G-quadruplex recognition in\u00a0vitro and in live cells by a structure-specific nanobody","volume":"144","author":"Galli S","year":"2022","unstructured":"Galli S, Melidis L, Flynn SM, Varshney D, Simeone A, Spiegel J, Madden SK, Tannahill D, Balasubramanian S. DNA G-quadruplex recognition in\u00a0vitro and in live cells by a structure-specific nanobody. J Am Chem Soc. 2022;144(50):23096\u201323103.","journal-title":"J Am Chem Soc"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gku833"},{"issue":"24","key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9719","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202002422","article-title":"Quantitative detection of G-quadruplex DNA in live cells based on photon counts and complex structure discrimination","volume":"59","author":"Liu L-Y","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu L-Y, Liu W, Wang KN, Zhu BC, Xia XY, Ji LN, Mao ZW. Quantitative detection of G-quadruplex DNA in live cells based on photon counts and complex structure discrimination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2020;59(24):9719\u20139726.","journal-title":"Angew Chem Int Ed Engl"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.2c00757"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20414-7","article-title":"Visualising G-quadruplex DNA dynamics in live cells by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy","volume":"12","author":"Summers PA","year":"2021","unstructured":"Summers PA, Lewis BW, Gonzalez-Garcia J, Porreca RM, Lim AH, Cadinu P, Martin-Pintado N, Mann DJ, Edel JB, Vannier JB, et al. Visualising G-quadruplex DNA dynamics in live cells by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. Nat Commun. 2021;12(1):162.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2013","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.48.12.2013","article-title":"Helix formation by guanylic acid","volume":"48","author":"Gellert M","year":"1962","unstructured":"Gellert M, Lipsett MN, Davies DR. Helix formation by guanylic acid. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1962;48(12):2013\u20132018.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"22","key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6177","DOI":"10.1021\/ac034789i","article-title":"A fluorescent carbazole derivative: High sensitivity for quadruplex DNA","volume":"75","author":"Chang C-C","year":"2003","unstructured":"Chang C-C, Wu JY, Chien CW, Wu WS, Liu H, Kang CC, Yu LJ, Chang TC. A fluorescent carbazole derivative: High sensitivity for quadruplex DNA. Anal Chem. 2003;75(22):6177\u20136183.","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2188","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200805613","article-title":"Engineering bisquinolinium\/thiazole orange conjugates for fluorescent sensing of G-quadruplex DNA","volume":"48","author":"Yang P","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yang P, De Cian A, Teulade-Fichou M-P, Mergny J-L, Monchaud D. Engineering bisquinolinium\/thiazole orange conjugates for fluorescent sensing of G-quadruplex DNA. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2009;48(12):2188\u20132191.","journal-title":"Angew Chem Int Ed Engl"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41557-020-0506-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D3SC00022B"},{"issue":"42","key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202310402","article-title":"Platinum(II)-based optical probes for imaging quadruplex DNA structures via phosphorescence lifetime imaging microscopy","volume":"62","author":"Berrones Reyes J","year":"2023","unstructured":"Berrones Reyes J, Sherin PS, Sarkar A, Kuimova MK, Vilar R. Platinum(II)-based optical probes for imaging quadruplex DNA structures via phosphorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2023;62(42): Article e202310402.","journal-title":"Angew Chem Int Ed Engl"},{"issue":"43","key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17329","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.4c03722","article-title":"Visualization of mitochondrial DNA G-quadruplexes with isaindigotone derived near-infrared fluorogenic probe","volume":"96","author":"Zhang Y","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Cheng Y, Liu X, Tang H, Wang F, Tang LJ, Jiang JH. Visualization of mitochondrial DNA G-quadruplexes with isaindigotone derived near-infrared fluorogenic probe. Anal Chem. 2024;96(43):17329\u201317336.","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.4c01638"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.129337","article-title":"G-quadruplex in mitochondria as a possible biomarker for mitophagy detection","volume":"259","author":"Zhang B","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang B, Sun R, Bai R, Sun Z, Liu R, Li W, Yao L, Sun H, Tang Y. G-quadruplex in mitochondria as a possible biomarker for mitophagy detection. Int J Biol Macromol. 2024;259: Article 129337.","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.132230","article-title":"Discovery of a mitochondrial G-quadruplex targeted fluorescent ligand via a slight variation on the near-infrared heptamethine cyanine scaffold","volume":"269","author":"Nie Q-W","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nie Q-W, Zhang X, Hu M-H. Discovery of a mitochondrial G-quadruplex targeted fluorescent ligand via a slight variation on the near-infrared heptamethine cyanine scaffold. Int J Biol Macromol. 2024;269: Article 132230.","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2186","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.3c00068","article-title":"Dissecting sperm mitochondrial G-quadruplex structures using a fluorescent probe biomarker to monitor and regulate fertilization capability","volume":"8","author":"Wu S","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wu S, Li X, Huang G, Guo J, Zhang X, Liao L, Zhi W, Li K, Wang Y, Chu Z, et al. Dissecting sperm mitochondrial G-quadruplex structures using a fluorescent probe biomarker to monitor and regulate fertilization capability. ACS Sens. 2023;8(6):2186\u20132196.","journal-title":"ACS Sens"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2021.338600","article-title":"Molecular engineering of a near-infrared fluorescent ligand for tracking mitochondrial DNA G-quadruplexes","volume":"1169","author":"Hu M-H","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hu M-H. Molecular engineering of a near-infrared fluorescent ligand for tracking mitochondrial DNA G-quadruplexes. Anal Chim Acta. 2021;1169: Article 338600.","journal-title":"Anal Chim Acta"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.1c08860"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2020.07.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.1c07101"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2024.343245","article-title":"A supramolecular fluorescence probe that simultaneously responds to viscosity and G-quadruplex for autophagy detection","volume":"1329","author":"Bai R","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bai R, Yang D, Sun R, Zhang X, Shi L, Liu J, Sun H, Yao L, Tang Y. A supramolecular fluorescence probe that simultaneously responds to viscosity and G-quadruplex for autophagy detection. Anal Chim Acta. 2024;1329: Article 343245.","journal-title":"Anal Chim Acta"},{"issue":"21","key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7146","DOI":"10.1039\/C5AN01573A","article-title":"Colorimetric and fluorescence detection of G-quadruplex nucleic acids with a coumarin-benzothiazole probe","volume":"140","author":"Yan JW","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yan JW, Tian YG, Tan JH, Huang ZS. Colorimetric and fluorescence detection of G-quadruplex nucleic acids with a coumarin-benzothiazole probe. Analyst. 2015;140(21):7146\u20137149.","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.122125","article-title":"C-Myc G-quadruplex is sensitively and specifically recognized by a fluorescent probe","volume":"226","author":"Sun R","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sun R, Guo X, Yang D, Tang Y, Lu J, Sun H. C-Myc G-quadruplex is sensitively and specifically recognized by a fluorescent probe. Talanta. 2021;226: Article 122125.","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"issue":"38","key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7772","DOI":"10.1039\/D2TB01316A","article-title":"Selective c-MYC G4 DNA recognition based on a fluorescent light-up probe with disaggregation-induced emission characteristics","volume":"10","author":"Li H-Y","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li H-Y, Cao H-W, Lang X-X, Chen Y-S, Wang M-Q. Selective c-MYC G4 DNA recognition based on a fluorescent light-up probe with disaggregation-induced emission characteristics. J Mater Chem B. 2022;10(38):7772\u20137779.","journal-title":"J Mater Chem B"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.131055","article-title":"Targeting proto-oncogene B-MYB G-quadruplex with a nucleic acid-based fluorescent probe","volume":"266","author":"Louren\u00e7o P","year":"2024","unstructured":"Louren\u00e7o P, Miranda A, Campello MP, Paulo A, Louis-Mergny J, Cruz C. Targeting proto-oncogene B-MYB G-quadruplex with a nucleic acid-based fluorescent probe. Int J Biol Macromol. 2024;266: Article 131055.","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41589-019-0459-3"},{"issue":"31","key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8958","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201603562","article-title":"Structural analysis using SHALiPE to reveal RNA G-quadruplex formation in human precursor microRNA","volume":"55","author":"Kwok CK","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kwok CK, Sahakyan AB, Balasubramanian S. Structural analysis using SHALiPE to reveal RNA G-quadruplex formation in human precursor microRNA. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2016;55(31):8958\u20138961.","journal-title":"Angew Chem Int Ed Engl"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-022-00679-6"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_3_2_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202111132","article-title":"Single-cell visualization of monogenic RNA G-quadruplex and occupied G-quadruplex ratio through a module-assembled multifunctional probes assay (MAMPA)","volume":"61","author":"Dai Y","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dai Y, Teng X, Li J. Single-cell visualization of monogenic RNA G-quadruplex and occupied G-quadruplex ratio through a module-assembled multifunctional probes assay (MAMPA). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2021;61(7): Article e202111132.","journal-title":"Angew Chem Int Ed Engl"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_3_2_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3662","article-title":"G-quadruplex structures mark human regulatory chromatin","volume":"48","author":"H\u00e4nsel-Hertsch R","year":"2016","unstructured":"H\u00e4nsel-Hertsch R, Beraldi D, Lensing SV, Marsico G, Zyner K, Parry A, Di Antonio M, Pike J, Kimura H, Narita M, et al. G-quadruplex structures mark human regulatory chromatin. Nat Genet. 2016;48(10):1267\u20131272.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.275431.121"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab1073","article-title":"Genome-wide mapping of G-quadruplex structures with CUT&tag","volume":"50","author":"Lyu J","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lyu J, Shao R, Kwong Yung PY, Els\u00e4sser SJ. Genome-wide mapping of G-quadruplex structures with CUT&tag. Nucleic Acids Res. 2022;50(3): Article e13.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2016.12.054","article-title":"A sensitive, label-free electrochemical detection of telomerase activity without modification or immobilization","volume":"91","author":"Liu X","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liu X, Wei M, Xu E, Yang H, Wei W, Zhang Y, Liu S. A sensitive, label-free electrochemical detection of telomerase activity without modification or immobilization. Biosens Bioelectron. 2016;91:347\u2013353.","journal-title":"Biosens Bioelectron"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34133\/research.0448"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.112999","article-title":"Highly-sensitive and fast detection of human telomeric G-quadruplex DNA based on a hemin-conjugated fluorescent metal-organic framework platform","volume":"178","author":"Javan Kouzegaran V","year":"2021","unstructured":"Javan Kouzegaran V, Farhadi K, Forough M, Bahram M, Persil \u00c7etinkol \u00d6. Highly-sensitive and fast detection of human telomeric G-quadruplex DNA based on a hemin-conjugated fluorescent metal-organic framework platform. Biosens Bioelectron. 2021;178: Article 112999.","journal-title":"Biosens Bioelectron"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_3_2_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3965","article-title":"rG4-seq reveals widespread formation of G-quadruplex structures in the human transcriptome","volume":"13","author":"Kwok CK","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kwok CK, Marsico G, Sahakyan AB, Chambers VS, Balasubramanian S. rG4-seq reveals widespread formation of G-quadruplex structures in the human transcriptome. Nat Methods. 2016;13(10):841\u2013844.","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-021-00671-6"},{"issue":"32","key":"e_1_3_2_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22736","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c07698","article-title":"A cyanine dye for highly specific recognition of parallel G-quadruplex topology and its application in clinical RNA detection for cancer diagnosis","volume":"146","author":"Sun H","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sun H, Sun R, Yang D, Li Q, Jiang W, Zhou T, Bai R, Zhong F, Zhang B, Xiang J, et al. A cyanine dye for highly specific recognition of parallel G-quadruplex topology and its application in clinical RNA detection for cancer diagnosis. J Am Chem Soc. 2024;146(32):22736\u201322746.","journal-title":"J Am Chem Soc"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2022.09.026"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2165","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-46509-z","article-title":"TERRA-LSD1 phase separation promotes R-loop formation for telomere maintenance in ALT cancer cells","volume":"15","author":"Xu M","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xu M, Senanayaka D, Zhao R, Chigumira T, Tripathi A, Tones J, Lackner RM, Wondisford AR, Moneysmith LN, Hirschi A, et al. TERRA-LSD1 phase separation promotes R-loop formation for telomere maintenance in ALT cancer cells. Nat Commun. 2024;15(1):2165.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae251"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz727"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkad648"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2525","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-22830-9","article-title":"Single-molecule imaging reveals replication fork coupled formation of G-quadruplex structures hinders local replication stress signaling","volume":"12","author":"Lee WTC","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lee WTC, Yin Y, Morten MJ, Tonzi P, Gwo PP, Odermatt DC, Modesti M, Cantor SB, Gari K, Huang TT, et al. Single-molecule imaging reveals replication fork coupled formation of G-quadruplex structures hinders local replication stress signaling. Nat Commun. 2021;12(1):2525.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-023-02633-0","article-title":"TERRA G-quadruplex stabilization as a new therapeutic strategy for multiple myeloma","volume":"42","author":"Scionti F","year":"2023","unstructured":"Scionti F, Juli G, Rocca R, Poler\u00e0 N, Nadai M, Grillone K, Caracciolo D, Riillo C, Altomare E, Ascrizzi S, et al. TERRA G-quadruplex stabilization as a new therapeutic strategy for multiple myeloma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2023;42(1):71.","journal-title":"J Exp Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2024.04.015"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_3_2_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109154","article-title":"Human telomerase is directly regulated by non-telomeric TRF2-G-quadruplex interaction","volume":"35","author":"Sharma S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sharma S, Mukherjee AK, Roy SS, Bagri S, Lier S, Verma M, Sengupta A, Kumar M, Nesse G, Pandey DP, et al. Human telomerase is directly regulated by non-telomeric TRF2-G-quadruplex interaction. Cell Rep. 2021;35(7): Article 109154.","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae073"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-08905-8","article-title":"G-quadruplex DNA drives genomic instability and represents a targetable molecular abnormality in ATRX-deficient malignant glioma","volume":"10","author":"Wang Y","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang Y, Yang J, Wild AT, Wu WH, Shah R, Danussi C, Riggins GJ, Kannan K, Sulman EP, Chan TA, et al. G-quadruplex DNA drives genomic instability and represents a targetable molecular abnormality in ATRX-deficient malignant glioma. Nat Commun. 2019;10(1):943.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"22","key":"e_1_3_2_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"gkaf1300","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaf1300","article-title":"Modulating TERRA G-quadruplexes with ligands: Impact on telomeric DNA:RNA hybrids and ALT mechanisms","volume":"53","author":"Dinoi F","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dinoi F, Marzano S, Marino MI, Vertecchi E, D\u2019Angelo CM, Maresca C, Petti E, Dinami R, Rizzo A, Biroccio A, et al. Modulating TERRA G-quadruplexes with ligands: Impact on telomeric DNA:RNA hybrids and ALT mechanisms. Nucleic Acids Res. 2025;53(22):gkaf1300.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"48","key":"e_1_3_2_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202512715","article-title":"RNA G-quadruplex RIBOTAC-mediated targeted degradation of lncRNA TERRA","volume":"12","author":"Khaskia E","year":"2025","unstructured":"Khaskia E, Dahatonde D, Benhamou RI. RNA G-quadruplex RIBOTAC-mediated targeted degradation of lncRNA TERRA. Adv Sci. 2025;12(48): Article e12715.","journal-title":"Adv Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa1273"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac482"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1909047116"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0209-9"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_2_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3394","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac172","article-title":"The human AP-endonuclease 1 (APE1) is a DNA G-quadruplex structure binding protein and regulates KRAS expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells","volume":"50","author":"Pramanik S","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pramanik S, Chen Y, Song H, Khutsishvili I, Marky LA, Ray S, Natarajan A, Singh PK, Bhakat KK. The human AP-endonuclease 1 (APE1) is a DNA G-quadruplex structure binding protein and regulates KRAS expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells. Nucleic Acids Res. 2022;50(6):3394\u20133412.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_3_2_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6953","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac527","article-title":"DNA G-quadruplex structure participates in regulation of lipid metabolism through acyl-CoA binding protein","volume":"50","author":"Xiang L","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xiang L, Niu K, Peng Y, Zhang X, Li X, Ye R, Yu G, Ye G, Xiang H, Song Q, et al. DNA G-quadruplex structure participates in regulation of lipid metabolism through acyl-CoA binding protein. Nucleic Acids Res. 2022;50(12):6953\u20136967.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.3c08204"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz527"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12020276","article-title":"RNA G-quadruplex within the 5\u2032-UTR of FEN1 regulates mRNA stability under oxidative stress","volume":"12","author":"Ma Y","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ma Y, Yang Y, Xin J, He L, Hu Z, Gao T, Pan F, Guo Z. RNA G-quadruplex within the 5\u2032-UTR of FEN1 regulates mRNA stability under oxidative stress. Antioxidants. 2023;12(2):276.","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2421","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-10432-5","article-title":"DHX36 prevents the accumulation of translationally inactive mRNAs with G4-structures in untranslated regions","volume":"10","author":"Sauer M","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sauer M, Juranek SA, Marks J, De Magis A, Kazemier HG, Hilbig D, Benhalevy D, Wang X, Hafner M, Paeschke K. DHX36 prevents the accumulation of translationally inactive mRNAs with G4-structures in untranslated regions. Nat Commun. 2019;10(1):2421.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-35811-x","article-title":"Stress promotes RNA G-quadruplex folding in human cells","volume":"14","author":"Kharel P","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kharel P, Fay M, Manasova EV, Anderson PJ, Kurkin AV, Guo JU, Ivanov P. Stress promotes RNA G-quadruplex folding in human cells. Nat Commun. 2023;14(1):205.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab873"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-018-1602-2","article-title":"RNA G-quadruplexes at upstream open reading frames cause DHX36- and DHX9-dependent translation of human mRNAs","volume":"19","author":"Murat P","year":"2018","unstructured":"Murat P, Marsico G, Herdy B, Ghanbarian A, Portella G, Balasubramanian S. RNA G-quadruplexes at upstream open reading frames cause DHX36- and DHX9-dependent translation of human mRNAs. Genome Biol. 2018;19(1):229.","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.6c00902"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_109_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-20-2929"},{"issue":"52","key":"e_1_3_2_110_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202203553","article-title":"An RNA G-quadruplex structure within the ADAR 5\u2032UTR interacts with DHX36 helicase to regulate translation","volume":"61","author":"Lyu K","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lyu K, Chen SB, Chow EY, Zhao H, Yuan JH, Cai M, Shi J, Chan TF, Tan JH, Kwok CK. An RNA G-quadruplex structure within the ADAR 5\u2032UTR interacts with DHX36 helicase to regulate translation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2022;61(52): Article e202203553.","journal-title":"Angew Chem Int Ed Engl"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_111_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2661","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16168-x","article-title":"hnRNP H\/F drive RNA G-quadruplex-mediated translation linked to genomic instability and therapy resistance in glioblastoma","volume":"11","author":"Herviou P","year":"2020","unstructured":"Herviou P, Le Bras M, Dumas L, Hieblot C, Gilhodes J, Cioci G, Hugnot JP, Ameadan A, Guillonneau F, Dassi E, et al. hnRNP H\/F drive RNA G-quadruplex-mediated translation linked to genomic instability and therapy resistance in glioblastoma. Nat Commun. 2020;11(1):2661.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_2_112_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-323126","article-title":"RNA helicase DDX5 enables STAT1 mRNA translation and interferon signalling in hepatitis B virus replicating hepatocytes","volume":"71","author":"Sun J","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sun J, Wu G, Pastor F, Rahman N, Wang WH, Zhang Z, Merle P, Hui L, Salvetti A, Durantel D, et al. RNA helicase DDX5 enables STAT1 mRNA translation and interferon signalling in hepatitis B virus replicating hepatocytes. Gut. 2021;71(5):991\u20131005.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_113_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz777"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_114_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkad639"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_115_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab1208","article-title":"Identification and targeting of G-quadruplex structures in MALAT1 long non-coding RNA","volume":"50","author":"Mou X","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mou X, Liew SW, Kwok CK. Identification and targeting of G-quadruplex structures in MALAT1 long non-coding RNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 2022;50(1):397\u2013410.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_116_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41594-019-0293-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_117_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2021.114418","article-title":"Targeting nucleolin by RNA G-quadruplex-forming motif","volume":"189","author":"Figueiredo J","year":"2021","unstructured":"Figueiredo J, Miranda A, Lopes-Nunes J, Carvalho J, Alexandre D, Valente S, Mergny JL, Cruz C. Targeting nucleolin by RNA G-quadruplex-forming motif. Biochem Pharmacol. 2021;189: Article 114418.","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_118_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2020.114208","article-title":"Recognition of nucleolin through interaction with RNA G-quadruplex","volume":"189","author":"Santos T","year":"2020","unstructured":"Santos T, Miranda A, Campello MP, Paulo A, Salgado G, Cabrita EJ, Cruz C. Recognition of nucleolin through interaction with RNA G-quadruplex. Biochem Pharmacol. 2020;189: Article 114208.","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"issue":"17","key":"e_1_3_2_119_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9369","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkad613","article-title":"BLM helicase protein negatively regulates stress granule formation through unwinding RNA G-quadruplex structures","volume":"51","author":"Danino YM","year":"2023","unstructured":"Danino YM, Molitor L, Rosenbaum-Cohen T, Kaiser S, Cohen Y, Porat Z, Marmor-Kollet H, Katina C, Savidor A, Rotkopf R, et al. BLM helicase protein negatively regulates stress granule formation through unwinding RNA G-quadruplex structures. Nucleic Acids Res. 2023;51(17):9369\u20139384.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_120_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200906363"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_121_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.015"},{"issue":"16","key":"e_1_3_2_122_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9397","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae649","article-title":"Solution structures and effects of a platinum compound successively bound MYC G-quadruplex","volume":"52","author":"Liu W","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu W, Zhu BC, Liu LY, Xia XY, Jang J, Dickerhoff J, Yang D, Mao ZW. Solution structures and effects of a platinum compound successively bound MYC G-quadruplex. Nucleic Acids Res. 2024;52(16):9397\u20139406.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"36","key":"e_1_3_2_123_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202305645","article-title":"Organic-platinum hybrids for covalent binding of G-quadruplexes: Structural basis and application to cancer immunotherapy","volume":"62","author":"Liu L-Y","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu L-Y, Ma TZ, Zeng YL, Liu W, Zhang H, Mao ZW. Organic-platinum hybrids for covalent binding of G-quadruplexes: Structural basis and application to cancer immunotherapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2023;62(36): Article e202305645.","journal-title":"Angew Chem Int Ed Engl"},{"issue":"33","key":"e_1_3_2_124_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.202204866","article-title":"Chiral RuII -PtII complexes inducing telomere dysfunction against cisplatin-resistant cancer cells","volume":"134","author":"Xiong K","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xiong K, Ouyang C, Liu J, Karges J, Lin X, Chen X, Chen Y, Wan J, Ji L, Chao H. Chiral RuII -PtII complexes inducing telomere dysfunction against cisplatin-resistant cancer cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2022;134(33): Article e202204866.","journal-title":"Angew Chem Int Ed Engl"},{"issue":"20","key":"e_1_3_2_125_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11259","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa870","article-title":"BMPQ-1 binds selectively to (3+1) hybrid topologies in human telomeric G-quadruplex multimers","volume":"48","author":"Gao C","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gao C, Liu Z, Hou H, Ding J, Chen X, Xie C, Song Z, Hu Z, Feng M, Mohamed HI, et al. BMPQ-1 binds selectively to (3+1) hybrid topologies in human telomeric G-quadruplex multimers. Nucleic Acids Res. 2020;48(20):11259\u201311269.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"20","key":"e_1_3_2_126_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10529","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz835","article-title":"New substituted quinoxalines inhibit triple-negative breast cancer by specifically downregulating the c-MYC transcription","volume":"47","author":"Hu M-H","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hu M-H, Wu T-Y, Huang Q, Jin G. New substituted quinoxalines inhibit triple-negative breast cancer by specifically downregulating the c-MYC transcription. Nucleic Acids Res. 2019;47(20):10529\u201310542.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_3_2_127_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6720","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.0c02202","article-title":"New dibenzoquinoxalines inhibit triple-negative breast cancer growth by dual targeting of topoisomerase 1 and the c-MYC G-quadruplex","volume":"64","author":"Hu M-H","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hu M-H, Lin J-H. New dibenzoquinoxalines inhibit triple-negative breast cancer growth by dual targeting of topoisomerase 1 and the c-MYC G-quadruplex. J Med Chem. 2021;64(10):6720\u20136729.","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_3_2_128_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djad142","article-title":"Suppressing c-FOS expression by G-quadruplex ligands inhibits osimertinib-resistant non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"115","author":"Lu K","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lu K, Wang HC, Tu YC, Chang CC, Lou PJ, Chang TC, Lin JJ. Suppressing c-FOS expression by G-quadruplex ligands inhibits osimertinib-resistant non-small cell lung cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2023;115(11):1383\u20131391.","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_129_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202413000","article-title":"A rationally designed azobenzene photoswitch for DNA G-quadruplex regulation in live cells","volume":"64","author":"Dudek M","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dudek M, L\u00f3pez-Pacios L, Sabouri N, Nogueira JJ, Martinez-Fernandez L, Deiana M. A rationally designed azobenzene photoswitch for DNA G-quadruplex regulation in live cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2024;64(1): Article e202413000.","journal-title":"Angew Chem Int Ed Engl"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_130_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.120095","article-title":"A 1,10-phenanthroline derivative selectively targeting telomeric G-quadruplex induces cytoprotective autophagy, causing apoptosis of gastric cancer cells","volume":"287","author":"Ma X","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ma X, Awadasseid A, Zhou K, Wang X, Shen C, Zhao X, Cheng M, Zhang W. A 1,10-phenanthroline derivative selectively targeting telomeric G-quadruplex induces cytoprotective autophagy, causing apoptosis of gastric cancer cells. Life Sci. 2021;287: Article 120095.","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"issue":"14","key":"e_1_3_2_131_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7856","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab594","article-title":"Targeting a noncanonical, hairpin-containing G-quadruplex structure from the MYCN gene","volume":"49","author":"Yang M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang M, Carter S, Parmar S, Bume DD, Calabrese DR, Liang X, Yazdani K, Xu M, Liu Z, Thiele CJ, et al. Targeting a noncanonical, hairpin-containing G-quadruplex structure from the MYCN gene. Nucleic Acids Res. 2021;49(14):7856\u20137869.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_2_132_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2519","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27622","article-title":"G-quadruplex ligands inhibit chikungunya virus replication","volume":"94","author":"Lv L","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lv L, Cui H, Chen Z, Zhou Y, Zhang L. G-quadruplex ligands inhibit chikungunya virus replication. J Med Virol. 2022;94(6):2519\u20132527.","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_133_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2022.114183","article-title":"Thiosugar naphthalene diimide conjugates: G-quadruplex ligands with antiparasitic and anticancer activity","volume":"232","author":"Belmonte-Reche E","year":"2022","unstructured":"Belmonte-Reche E, Benassi A, Pe\u00f1alver P, Cucchiarini A, Gu\u00e9din A, Mergny JL, Rosu F, Gabelica V, Freccero M, Doria F, et al. Thiosugar naphthalene diimide conjugates: G-quadruplex ligands with antiparasitic and anticancer activity. Eur J Med Chem. 2022;232: Article 114183.","journal-title":"Eur J Med Chem"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_134_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2022.120651","article-title":"Design, synthesis and bioactivity of novel naphthalimide-benzotriazole conjugates against A549 cells via targeting BCL2 G-quadruplex and inducing autophagy","volume":"302","author":"Wang X","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang X, Zhang M, Xiong XQ, Yang H, Wang P, Zhang K, Awadasseid A, Narva S, Wu YL, Zhang W. Design, synthesis and bioactivity of novel naphthalimide-benzotriazole conjugates against A549 cells via targeting BCL2 G-quadruplex and inducing autophagy. Life Sci. 2022;302: Article 120651.","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_135_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2022.115062","article-title":"Design, synthesis and anti-tumor activity of novel benzothiophenonaphthalimide derivatives targeting mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) G-quadruplex","volume":"201","author":"Huang Q","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huang Q, Wang X, Chen A, Zhang H, Yu Q, Shen C, Awadasseid A, Zhao X, Xiong X, Wu Y, et al. Design, synthesis and anti-tumor activity of novel benzothiophenonaphthalimide derivatives targeting mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) G-quadruplex. Biochem Pharmacol. 2022;201: Article 115062.","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_136_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3805","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S448556","article-title":"Targeting telomere dynamics as an effective approach for the development of cancer therapeutics","volume":"19","author":"Tao H-Y","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tao H-Y, Zhao C-Y, Wang Y, Sheng W-J, Zhen Y-S. Targeting telomere dynamics as an effective approach for the development of cancer therapeutics. Int J Nanomedicine. 2024;19:3805\u20133825.","journal-title":"Int J Nanomedicine"},{"issue":"22","key":"e_1_3_2_137_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12634","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab1154","article-title":"Regulation of PDGFR-\u03b2 gene expression by targeting the G-vacancy bearing G-quadruplex in promoter","volume":"49","author":"Chen J-N","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen J-N, He YD, Liang HT, Cai TT, Chen Q, Zheng KW. Regulation of PDGFR-\u03b2 gene expression by targeting the G-vacancy bearing G-quadruplex in promoter. Nucleic Acids Res. 2021;49(22):12634\u201312643.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"23","key":"e_1_3_2_138_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10394","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.48675","article-title":"Recognition of G-quadruplex topology through hybrid binding with implications in cancer theranostics","volume":"10","author":"Suseela YV","year":"2020","unstructured":"Suseela YV, Satha P, Murugan NA, Govindaraju T. Recognition of G-quadruplex topology through hybrid binding with implications in cancer theranostics. Theranostics. 2020;10(23):10394\u201310414.","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"issue":"35","key":"e_1_3_2_139_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202401748","article-title":"Overcoming cancer persister cells by stabilizing the ATF4 promoter G-quadruplex","volume":"11","author":"Xiao C","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xiao C, Li Y, Liu Y, Dong R, He X, Lin Q, Zang X, Wang K, Xia Y, Kong L. Overcoming cancer persister cells by stabilizing the ATF4 promoter G-quadruplex. Adv Sci. 2024;11(35): Article 2401748.","journal-title":"Adv Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_140_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-18-1455"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_141_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.156","article-title":"Molecular recognition of telomere DNA sequence by 2, 6 anthraquinone derivatives leads to thermal stabilization and induces apoptosis in cancer cells","volume":"221","author":"Dey A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dey A, Pandav K, Nath M, Barthwal R, Prasad R. Molecular recognition of telomere DNA sequence by 2, 6 anthraquinone derivatives leads to thermal stabilization and induces apoptosis in cancer cells. Int J Biol Macromol. 2022;221:355\u2013370.","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_2_142_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3090","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.9b01866","article-title":"Monohydrazone based G-quadruplex selective ligands induce DNA damage and genome instability in human cancer cells","volume":"63","author":"Amato J","year":"2020","unstructured":"Amato J, Miglietta G, Morigi R, Iaccarino N, Locatelli A, Leoni A, Novellino E, Pagano B, Capranico G, Randazzo A. Monohydrazone based G-quadruplex selective ligands induce DNA damage and genome instability in human cancer cells. J Med Chem. 2020;63(6):3090\u20133103.","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_143_2","article-title":"Dimeric aryl-substituted imidazoles may inhibit ALT cancer by targeting the multimeric G-quadruplex in telomere","volume":"186","author":"Hu M-H","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hu M-H, Lin X-T, Liu B, Tan J-H. Dimeric aryl-substituted imidazoles may inhibit ALT cancer by targeting the multimeric G-quadruplex in telomere. Eur J Med Chem. 2019;186: Article 111891.","journal-title":"Eur J Med Chem"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_144_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24010378"},{"issue":"18","key":"e_1_3_2_145_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12346","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.2c01058","article-title":"Discovery of a novel G-quadruplex and histone deacetylase (HDAC) dual-targeting agent for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"65","author":"Jiang X-C","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jiang X-C, Tu FH, Wei LY, Wang BZ, Yuan H, Yuan JM, Rao Y, Huang SL, Li QJ, Ou TM, et al. Discovery of a novel G-quadruplex and histone deacetylase (HDAC) dual-targeting agent for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer. J Med Chem. 2022;65(18):12346\u201312366.","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_146_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkag039","article-title":"From alkylating to shape-shifting G-quadruplex ligands: The RHAU peptide story","volume":"54","author":"De Paepe L","year":"2026","unstructured":"De Paepe L, Marzano S, Vesschemoet C, Amato J, Pagano B, Cadoni E, Madder A. From alkylating to shape-shifting G-quadruplex ligands: The RHAU peptide story. Nucleic Acids Res. 2026;54(3): Article gkag039.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_147_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae471"},{"issue":"24","key":"e_1_3_2_148_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202309482","article-title":"A tumor-specific Cascade-activating smart prodrug system for enhanced targeted therapy","volume":"20","author":"Wang Q","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang Q, Jin D, Liu C, Shi L, Li T. A tumor-specific Cascade-activating smart prodrug system for enhanced targeted therapy. Small. 2023;20(24): Article e2309482.","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_149_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117245","article-title":"Repurposing FDA-approved drugs to target G-quadruplexes in breast cancer","volume":"285","author":"Moraca F","year":"2025","unstructured":"Moraca F, Arciuolo V, Marzano S, Napolitano F, Castellano G, D\u2019Aria F, Di Porzio A, Landolfi L, Catalanotti B, Randazzo A, et al. Repurposing FDA-approved drugs to target G-quadruplexes in breast cancer. Eur J Med Chem. 2025;285: Article 117245.","journal-title":"Eur J Med Chem"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_3_2_150_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5905","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab330","article-title":"Structural recognition of the MYC promoter G-quadruplex by a quinoline derivative: Insights into molecular targeting of parallel G-quadruplexes","volume":"49","author":"Dickerhoff J","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dickerhoff J, Dai J, Yang D. Structural recognition of the MYC promoter G-quadruplex by a quinoline derivative: Insights into molecular targeting of parallel G-quadruplexes. Nucleic Acids Res. 2021;49(10):5905\u20135915.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_151_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.9b01577","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy for ras-driven cancers: Targeting G-quadruplex RNA structures with bifunctional alkyl-modified porphyrins","volume":"63","author":"Ferino A","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ferino A, Nicoletto G, D\u2019Este F, Zorzet S, Lago S, Richter SN, Tikhomirov A, Shchekotikhin A, Xodo LE. Photodynamic therapy for ras-driven cancers: Targeting G-quadruplex RNA structures with bifunctional alkyl-modified porphyrins. J Med Chem. 2020;63(3):1245\u20131260.","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"issue":"17","key":"e_1_3_2_152_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.202300162","article-title":"Type I photosensitizer targeting G-quadruplex RNA elicits augmented immunity for cancer ablation","volume":"135","author":"Chen W","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen W, Zhang Y, Yi HB, Wang F, Chu X, Jiang JH. Type I photosensitizer targeting G-quadruplex RNA elicits augmented immunity for cancer ablation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2023;135(17): Article e202300162.","journal-title":"Angew Chem Int Ed Engl"},{"issue":"23","key":"e_1_3_2_153_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15815","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c02091","article-title":"G-quadruplex mRNAs silencing with inducible ribonuclease targeting chimera for precision tumor therapy","volume":"146","author":"Zhang Y","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Wang L, Wang F, Chu X, Jiang J-H. G-quadruplex mRNAs silencing with inducible ribonuclease targeting chimera for precision tumor therapy. J Am Chem Soc. 2024;146(23):15815\u201315824.","journal-title":"J Am Chem Soc"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_154_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.231","article-title":"RNA G-quadruplex in live cells lighted-up by a thiazole orange analogue for SCA36 identification","volume":"229","author":"Sun R","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sun R, Guo X, Yang D, Cai X, Li Q, Yao L, Sun H, Tang Y. RNA G-quadruplex in live cells lighted-up by a thiazole orange analogue for SCA36 identification. Int J Biol Macromol. 2022;229:724\u2013731.","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_2_155_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2125","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.0c01656","article-title":"Molecular recognition and imaging of human telomeric G-quadruplex DNA in live cells: A systematic advancement of thiazole orange scaffold to enhance binding specificity and inhibition of gene expression","volume":"64","author":"Long W","year":"2021","unstructured":"Long W, Zheng BX, Huang XH, She MT, Liu AL, Zhang K, Wong WL, Lu YJ. Molecular recognition and imaging of human telomeric G-quadruplex DNA in live cells: A systematic advancement of thiazole orange scaffold to enhance binding specificity and inhibition of gene expression. J Med Chem. 2021;64(4):2125\u20132138.","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_156_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3447","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-54080-2","article-title":"Structure-activity relationships for the G-quadruplex-targeting experimental drug QN-302 and two analogues probed with comparative transcriptome profiling and molecular modeling","volume":"14","author":"Ahmed AA","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ahmed AA, Chen S, Roman-Escorza M, Angell R, Oxenford S, McConville M, Barton N, Sunose M, Neidle D, Haider S, et al. Structure-activity relationships for the G-quadruplex-targeting experimental drug QN-302 and two analogues probed with comparative transcriptome profiling and molecular modeling. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):3447.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_157_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117663","article-title":"Design and synthesis of novel styrylquinolinium derivatives for the treatment of breast cancer: Targeting the c-Myc G-quadruplex","volume":"291","author":"Wang X","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang X, Liu Y, Gao Z, Fang X, Ma K, Sun M, Li Q, Wang B, Zhang Y, Zhao X, et al. Design and synthesis of novel styrylquinolinium derivatives for the treatment of breast cancer: Targeting the c-Myc G-quadruplex. Eur J Med Chem. 2025;291: Article 117663.","journal-title":"Eur J Med Chem"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_158_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2024.116536","article-title":"Novel quinoxaline analogs as telomeric G-quadruplex ligands exert antitumor effects related to enhanced immunomodulation","volume":"274","author":"Wang J-X","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang J-X, Wang X-D, Hu M-H. Novel quinoxaline analogs as telomeric G-quadruplex ligands exert antitumor effects related to enhanced immunomodulation. Eur J Med Chem. 2024;274: Article 116536.","journal-title":"Eur J Med Chem"},{"issue":"19","key":"e_1_3_2_159_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20060","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.5c00736","article-title":"Dual transcriptional repression of oncogenic c-KIT and KRAS by G4-targeting Triazolyl-indole scaffolds induces synthetic lethality in leukemia cells","volume":"68","author":"Bhattacharyya T","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bhattacharyya T, Pal S, Pradhan S, Dash J. Dual transcriptional repression of oncogenic c-KIT and KRAS by G4-targeting Triazolyl-indole scaffolds induces synthetic lethality in leukemia cells. J Med Chem. 2025;68(19):20060\u201320080.","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_160_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.3c02240"},{"issue":"21","key":"e_1_3_2_161_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.202404689","article-title":"Design, synthesis, and biophysical characterization of pyridine bis-quinazoline derivatives as selective G-quadruplex DNA stabilizers","volume":"31","author":"Nath Das R","year":"2025","unstructured":"Nath Das R, Chorell E. Design, synthesis, and biophysical characterization of pyridine bis-quinazoline derivatives as selective G-quadruplex DNA stabilizers. Chemistry. 2025;31(21): Article e202404689.","journal-title":"Chemistry"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_3_2_162_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1875","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmedchemlett.4c00313","article-title":"Pursuing polypharmacology: Benzothiopyranoindoles as G-quadruplex stabilizers and topoisomerase I inhibitors for effective anticancer strategies","volume":"15","author":"Salerno S","year":"2024","unstructured":"Salerno S, Barresi E, Roggia M, Natale B, Marzano S, Hyeraci M, Reina SC, Baglini E, Amato J, Salvati E, et al. Pursuing polypharmacology: Benzothiopyranoindoles as G-quadruplex stabilizers and topoisomerase I inhibitors for effective anticancer strategies. ACS Med Chem Lett. 2024;15(11):1875\u20131883.","journal-title":"ACS Med Chem Lett"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_163_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.4c01665","article-title":"Design, synthesis, and anticancer activity of drug-like iron chelators\/G-quadruplex binders as synergic dual targeting agents","volume":"68","author":"Piccolo M","year":"2025","unstructured":"Piccolo M, Russo C, Arciuolo V, Ferraro MG, Abbate V, Di Porzio A, Cinquegrana E, Di Leva FS, Pagano B, Randazzo A, et al. Design, synthesis, and anticancer activity of drug-like iron chelators\/G-quadruplex binders as synergic dual targeting agents. J Med Chem. 2025;68(2):1245\u20131259.","journal-title":"J Med Chem"}],"container-title":["Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/spj.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.34133\/research.1363","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T08:03:29Z","timestamp":1784621009000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/spj.science.org\/doi\/10.34133\/research.1363"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"references-count":162,"alternative-id":["10.34133\/research.1363"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/research.1363","relation":{},"ISSN":["2639-5274"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2639-5274","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-25","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"1363"}}