{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T08:51:17Z","timestamp":1791276677475,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82302395"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82302395"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["spj.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Tracheal cartilage repair requires simultaneous restoration of a stable cartilage matrix, airway patency, and mechanical support, yet the regenerative state of implanted stem cells remains difficult to control. Here, we show that 940-nm photobiomodulation (PBM) enhances the chondrogenic competence of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) within a defined dose window. Among the radiant exposures tested, 50 J\/cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    most effectively promoted cell-cycle progression, cartilage-matrix formation and expression of SRY-box transcription factor 9, type II collagen, and aggrecan, while suppressing fibrotic, hypertrophic, and catabolic markers. These effects were not reproduced by a temperature-matched heat control. In 3-dimensional porous scaffolds, preconditioned ADSCs exhibited improved survival, spreading, matrix deposition, and mechanical performance. Mechanistically, 940-nm PBM remodeled mitochondrial architecture, membrane potential, respiration, cellular adenosine triphosphate content and redox status. Pathway perturbation implicated transient receptor potential vanilloid 1-associated Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    signaling, a redox-dependent component of Akt\/glycogen synthase kinase 3\u03b2 activation and SRY-box transcription factor 9 nuclear localization in the chondrogenic response. Preconditioning also preserved cartilage-associated gene expression under inflammatory challenge and altered macrophage-associated inflammatory marker profiles. In a rabbit tracheal cartilage defect model, constructs preconditioned at 50 J\/cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    improved cartilage-like tissue formation, epithelial repopulation, lumen patency, and mechanical function. These findings support repeated 940-nm PBM conditioning as a controllable ex\u00a0vivo strategy for enhancing ADSC chondrogenic competence and improving early tracheal cartilage repair across cellular and tissue scales.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.34133\/research.1440","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T14:59:31Z","timestamp":1788965971000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["940-nm Photobiomodulation Enhances ADSC-Mediated Tracheal Cartilage Repair through TRPV1-Associated Calcium Signaling and Mitochondrial Redox Remodeling"],"prefix":"10.34133","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Yong","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, \rTongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erji","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, \rTongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8289-097X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhe-Sheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Health Science, \rSt John\u2019s University, Queens, NY 11439, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8569-2953","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bo","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, \rTongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adz9453"},{"issue":"27","key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2401009","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202401009","article-title":"An encapsulation-free and hierarchical porous triboelectric scaffold with dynamic hydrophilicity for efficient cartilage regeneration","volume":"36","author":"Luo B","year":"2024","unstructured":"Luo B, Wang S, Song X, Chen S, Qi Q, Chen W, Deng X, Ni Y, Chu C, Zhou G, et al. 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