{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T08:49:57Z","timestamp":1791362997013,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","content-domain":{"domain":["spj.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The diatom cell wall is a critically protective barrier against biotic and abiotic stress, yet the mechanisms by which its individual components confer resilience remain elusive. Using the model diatom\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Thalassiosira pseudonana<\/jats:italic>\n                    , we show that resting cells chemically remodel their cell wall by increasing the ratio of silicon to chitin. Our integrative approach, based on a combination of transcriptomics, cell biology, and reverse genetics, reveals that the girdle-band-associated protein cingulin W2 (CinW2) directly regulates the biochemical cell wall composition, driving a \u201chigh silicon\u2013low chitin\u201d phenotype under abiotic and biotic stress. The regulation of the gene encoding CinW2 is controlled by an AP2-family transcription factor (AP2-1) that also modulates a chitinase, thereby orchestrating the compositional shift. This shift supporting a silicon-rich frustule provides enhanced structural reinforcement, substantially improving the resilience of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T. pseudonana<\/jats:italic>\n                    under biotic and abiotic stress. Tara Oceans metatranscriptome data suggest that genes involved in adjusting the ratio of silicon to chitin are widespread across diatom lineages and their expression appears to be responsive to changing environmental conditions in surface oceans. Although the CinW2-mediated regulatory mechanism has been identified only in the genus\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Thalassiosira<\/jats:italic>\n                    , we have identified coregulated homologs in diverse diatom lineages. Collectively, our data therefore suggest that the molecular mechanism by which\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T. pseudonana<\/jats:italic>\n                    modulates key cell wall components might represent a common strategy to cope with challenging environmental conditions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.34133\/research.1452","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T12:36:46Z","timestamp":1790685406000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Ratio of Silicon to Chitin in Diatom Cell Walls Influences Their Resilience to Environmental Stress"],"prefix":"10.34133","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3193-2076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mengyuan","family":"Hao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiamen University","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1740-1445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Runyu","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiamen University","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5998-2234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhouyi","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiamen University","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5391-3768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linwei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiamen University","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7063-4186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiamen University","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9604-0362","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Thomas","family":"Mock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental Sciences, \rUniversity of East Anglia, Norwich, UK."},{"name":"College of Environmental Science and Engineering, \rOcean University of China, Qingdao, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7915-4499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naikun","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, \rGuangxi Minzu University, Nanning, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7130-4253","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Junrong","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiamen University","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1102765"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm1746"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2217","DOI":"10.1007\/s12298-025-01681-4","article-title":"The StTNLC7G2T1 enhances resistance to biotic stress in Arabidopsis via pathogen triggered immunity","volume":"31","author":"Dubey N","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dubey N, Mathan L, Patidar S, Singh K. 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