{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T19:22:49Z","timestamp":1787599369386,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"02","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Methods Inf Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Background: A set of core diabetes indicators were identified in a clinical review of current evidence for the EUBIROD project. In order to allow accurate comparisons of diabetes indicators, a standardised currency for data storage and aggregation was required. We aimed to define a robust European data dictionary with appropriate clinical definitions that can be used to analyse diabetes outcomes and provide the foundation for data collection from existing electronic health records for diabetes.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Methods: Existing clinical datasets used by 15 partner institutions across Europe were collated and common data items analysed for consistency in terms of recording, data definition and units of measurement. Where necessary, data mappings and algorithms were specified in order to allow partners to meet the standard definitions. A series of descriptive elements were created to document metadata for each data item, including recording, consistency, completeness and quality.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Results: While datasets varied in terms of consistency, it was possible to create a common standard that could be used by all. The minimum dataset defined 53 data items that were classified according to their feasibility and validity. Mappings and standardised definitions were used to create an electronic directory for diabetes care, providing the foundation for the EUBIROD data analysis repository, also used to implement the diabetes registry and model of care for Cyprus.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Conclusions: The development of data dictionaries and standards can be used to improve the quality and comparability of health information. A data dictionary has been developed to be compatible with other existing data sources for diabetes, within and beyond Europe.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3414\/me15-01-0016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,15]],"date-time":"2015-12-15T03:51:31Z","timestamp":1450151491000},"page":"166-176","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Core Standards of the EUBIROD Project"],"prefix":"10.3414","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"F.","family":"Carinci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Brillante","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. P.","family":"Leese","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. R.","family":"McAlpine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Azzopardi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Beck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Bratina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Bocquet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Doggen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. K.","family":"Jarosz-Chobot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Jecht","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"U.","family":"Lindblad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Moulton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u017d.","family":"Metelko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Nagy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Olympios","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Pruna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Skeie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Storms","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. T.","family":"Di Iorio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Massi","family":"Benedetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. G.","family":"Cunningham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.3414\/ME15-01-0016-1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global action plan for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases 2013\u2006-2020. Geneva 2013. Available at: http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/10665\/94384\/1\/ 9789241506236_eng.pdf?ua=1 Accessed 03\/06\/ 2015"},{"key":"10.3414\/ME15-01-0016-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjqs-2012-001033"},{"key":"10.3414\/ME15-01-0016-3","unstructured":"International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 6th edn. Brussels, Belgium: International Diabetes Federation, 2013. Available at: http:\/\/ www.idf.org\/diabetesatlas. Accessed 03\/06\/2015"},{"key":"10.3414\/ME15-01-0016-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2010.03.007"},{"key":"10.3414\/ME15-01-0016-5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Calvert M, Shankar A, McManus RJ, Lester H, Freemantle N. Effect of the quality and out-comes framework on diabetes care in the United Kingdom: retrospective cohort study. BMJ 2009. Available at: http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/338\/bmj. b1870. Accessed 03\/06\/2015","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b1870"},{"key":"10.3414\/ME15-01-0016-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.1990.tb01405.x"},{"key":"10.3414\/ME15-01-0016-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004850-200104003-00002"},{"key":"10.3414\/ME15-01-0016-8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Beaufort CE, Reunanen A, Raleigh V, Storms F, Kleinebreil L, Gallego R, Giorda C, Midthjell K, Jecht M, de Leeuw I, Schober E, Boran G, Tolis G. European Union diabetes indicators: fact or fiction? Eur J Public Health 2003; 13 (Suppl 3): 51-54. Available at: http:\/\/eurpub.oxfordjournals. org\/content\/13\/suppl_1\/51.full.pdf+html. Accessed 03\/06\/2015","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/13.suppl_3.51"},{"key":"10.3414\/ME15-01-0016-9","unstructured":"Final Report of the EUCID Project, 2005. Available at: http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/health\/ph_projects\/ 2005\/action1\/docs\/action1_2005_frep_11_en.pdf. Accessed 03\/06\/2015"},{"key":"10.3414\/ME15-01-0016-10","unstructured":"DG SANCO Task Force of Major and Chronic Diseases. Major and Chronic diseases in the European Union - Report 2007. European Commission, Luxembourg, 2008. Available at: http:\/\/ec. europa.eu\/health\/ph_threats\/non_com\/docs\/mcd_report_exs_en.pdf. Accessed 03\/06\/2015"},{"key":"10.3414\/ME15-01-0016-11","unstructured":"The BIRO Project official website. Available at: http:\/\/www.biro-project.eu. Accessed 03\/06\/2015"},{"key":"10.3414\/ME15-01-0016-12","unstructured":"The BIRO Consortium, Best information through regional outcomes: a shared European diabetes information system for policy and practice. Universit\u00e0 di Perugia, Perugia, Italia, May 2009. Available at: http:\/\/www.eubirod.eu\/documents\/downloads\/BIRO_Monograph.pdf. Accessed 03\/06\/2015"},{"key":"10.3414\/ME15-01-0016-13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di Iorio CT, Carinci F, Azzopardi J, Baglioni V, Beck P, Cunningham S, Evripidou A, Leese G, Loevaas KF, Olympios G, Orsini Federici M, Pruna S, Palladino P, Skeie S, Taverner P, Traynor V, Massi Benedetti M, Privacy impact assessment in the design of transnational public health information systems: the BIRO project, Journal of Medical Ethics 2009; 35 (12): 753\u2006-761","DOI":"10.1136\/jme.2009.029918"},{"key":"10.3414\/ME15-01-0016-14","unstructured":"EUBIROD Consortium. EUropean Best Information through Regional Outcomes in Diabetes. Universit\u00e0 di Perugia, Perugia, Italy. Available at: http:\/\/www.eubirod.eu\/. Accessed 03\/06\/2015"},{"key":"10.3414\/ME15-01-0016-15","unstructured":"IBM Dictionary of Computing. New York, NY, USA: McGraw-Hill, Inc; 1993"},{"key":"10.3414\/ME15-01-0016-16","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Metadata Online Registry. Available at: http:\/\/meteor.aihw.gov.au. Accessed 03\/06\/2015"},{"key":"10.3414\/ME15-01-0016-17","unstructured":"US Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Health Information Knowledgebase. Available at: http:\/\/ushik.ahrq.gov\/. Accessed 03\/06\/2015"},{"key":"10.3414\/ME15-01-0016-18","unstructured":"US National Cancer Institute, National Cancer Data Standards Repository. Available at: http:\/\/ cbiit.nci.nih.gov\/ncip\/biomedical-informatics- resources\/interoperability-and-semantics\/ metadata-and-models\/. Accessed 03\/06\/2015"},{"key":"10.3414\/ME15-01-0016-19","unstructured":"The BIRO Project Consortium. WP2: Clinical Review: Indicator Development Results, January 2009. Available at: http:\/\/www.biro-project.eu\/documents\/downloads\/D2_2_Clinical_Review_ Update.pdf. Accessed 03\/06\/2015"},{"key":"10.3414\/ME15-01-0016-20","unstructured":"The BIRO Project Consortium. WP4: Data Dictionary, October 2007. Available at: http:\/\/www.biro-project.eu\/documents\/downloads\/D4_1_ Data_Dictionary_v0_2.pdf. Accessed 03\/06\/2015"},{"key":"10.3414\/ME15-01-0016-21","unstructured":"The BIRO Project Consortium. WP4: XML Metadata Dictionary, October 2007. Available at: http:\/\/ www.biro-project.eu\/documents\/downloads\/D4_ 2_XML_Metadata_Dictionary_v0_3.pdf. Accessed 03\/06\/2015"},{"key":"10.3414\/ME15-01-0016-22","unstructured":"The International System of Units (SI). Available at: http:\/\/www.bipm.org\/en\/measurement-units\/. Accessed 03\/06\/2015"},{"key":"10.3414\/ME15-01-0016-23","unstructured":"Forum for Quality Systems in Diabetes Care. Available at: http:\/\/www.fqsd.at\/en\/. Accessed 03\/06\/2015"},{"key":"10.3414\/ME15-01-0016-24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morris AD, Boyle DI, MacAlpine R, Emslie-Smith A, Jung RT, Newton RW, MacDonald TM. The diabetes audit and research in Tayside Scotland (DARTS) study: electronic record linkage to create a diabetes register. BMJ 1997; 315: 524\u2006-528, available at: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2127363\/pdf\/9329309.pdf. Accessed 03\/06\/ 2015","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7107.524"},{"key":"10.3414\/ME15-01-0016-25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8227(06)70032-8"},{"key":"10.3414\/ME15-01-0016-26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cameron AJ, Zimmet PZ, Atkins RC, Shaw JE. The Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study - Profiling Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in the Nation. Asia-Pacific Cardiology 2008; 2 (1): 25\u2006-28. Available at: http:\/\/www. touchendocrinology.com\/system\/files\/private\/ articles\/8773\/pdf\/cameron.pdf. Accessed 03\/06\/ 2015","DOI":"10.15420\/apc.2008:2:1:25"},{"key":"10.3414\/ME15-01-0016-27","unstructured":"The BIRO Project Consortium. WP4: Common Dataset, July 2009. Available at: http:\/\/www.biro-project.eu\/documents\/downloads\/D3_1_Common_Dataset_v1_7.pdf. Accessed 03\/06\/2015"},{"key":"10.3414\/ME15-01-0016-28","unstructured":"The BIRO Project Consortium. WP4: Dictionary\/XML Update, July 2009. Available at: http:\/\/ www.biro-project.eu\/documents\/downloads\/D4_ 3_Dictionary_XML_Update_v1_0.pdf. Accessed 03\/06\/2015"},{"key":"10.3414\/ME15-01-0016-29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di Iorio CT, Carinci F, Brillante M, Azzopardi J, Beck P, Bratina N, Cunningham SG, De Beaufort C, Debacker N, Jarosz-Chobot P, Jecht M, Lindblad U, Moulton T, Metelko \u017d, Nagy A, Olympios G, Pruna S, R\u00f8der M, Skeie S, Storms F, Massi Benedetti M. Cross-border flow of health information: is \u201cprivacy by design\u201d enough? Privacy performance assessment in EUBIROD. Eur J Public Health 2012 May 4","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/cks043"},{"key":"10.3414\/ME15-01-0016-30","unstructured":"Nomenclature of territorial units for statistics (NUTS). Available at:http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/ web\/nuts\/overview. Accessed 03\/06\/2015"},{"key":"10.3414\/ME15-01-0016-31","unstructured":"EUBIROD Meta Registry of Diabetes Data Sources. Available at: http:\/\/www.eubirod.eu\/ academy\/metaregistry.html. Accessed 03\/06\/2015"},{"key":"10.3414\/ME15-01-0016-32","unstructured":"Cunningham SG, Brillante M, McAlpine RR, Morris AD, Di Iorio CT, Ad\u00e1ny R, Azzopardi J, Battelino T, Beck P, Boran G, de Beaufort C, Debacker N, Jarosz-Chobot Przemyslawa K, Jecht M, Lindblad U, Metelko \u017d, Olympios G, Pruna S, R\u00f8der M, Skeie S, Storms F, Whiting D, Massi Benedetti M, Carinci F. Common Dataset. Available at: http:\/\/ www.eubirod.eu\/documents\/downloads\/D5_1_ Common_Dataset.pdf. Accessed 03\/06\/2015"},{"key":"10.3414\/ME15-01-0016-33","unstructured":"R Development Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, 2010. Available at: http:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/doc\/ manuals\/refman.pdf. Accessed 03\/06\/2015"},{"key":"10.3414\/ME15-01-0016-34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000363460","volume":"24","author":"Carinci","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Diabetes, Basel, Karger,"},{"key":"10.3414\/ME15-01-0016-35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9778\/cmajo.20130095"},{"key":"10.3414\/ME15-01-0016-36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aronson R1, Orzech N, Ye C, Goldenberg R, Brown V. Specialist-led diabetes registries and predictors of poor glycemic control in type 2 diabetes: Insights into the functionally refractory patient from the LMC Diabetes Registry database. J Diabetes 2015","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.12257"},{"key":"10.3414\/ME15-01-0016-37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4258\/hir.2015.21.1.49"},{"key":"10.3414\/ME15-01-0016-38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1573399811666150115105206"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.3414\/ME15-01-0016-39","first-page":"e388","volume":"20","author":"Tan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Manag Care"},{"key":"10.3414\/ME15-01-0016-40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.12532"},{"key":"10.3414\/ME15-01-0016-41","unstructured":"International Health Development Standards Development Organisation (IHDSDO) - SNOMED CT, 2015. Available at http:\/\/www.ihtsdo.org\/snomed-ct. Accessed 03\/06\/2015"},{"key":"10.3414\/ME15-01-0016-42","unstructured":"International Standardisation Organisation, ISO 13606-2: 2008, Health informatics - Electronic health record communication - Part 2: Archetype interchange specification"},{"key":"10.3414\/ME15-01-0016-43","unstructured":"openEHR Archetype Model, openEHR Foundation. Available at http:\/\/www.openehr.org\/ programs\/specification\/releases\/currentbaseline. Accessed 03\/06\/2015"},{"key":"10.3414\/ME15-01-0016-44","unstructured":"Beale T. Archetypes constraint-based domain models for future-proof information systems, 2002. Available from: http:\/\/www.openehr.org\/files\/resources\/publications\/archetypes\/ archetypes_beale_oopsla_2002.pdf. Accessed 03\/ 06\/2015"},{"key":"10.3414\/ME15-01-0016-45","unstructured":"Health Level Seven International, HL7 Templates Standard: Specification and Use of Reusable Information, Constraint Templates, Release 1, Draft Standard for Trial Use, 2014. Available at http:\/\/ www.hl7.org\/implement\/standards\/product_brief.cfm?product_id=377. Accessed 03\/06\/2015"},{"key":"10.3414\/ME15-01-0016-46","unstructured":"Health Level Seven, Detailed Clinical Models, 2015. Availabel at http:\/\/wiki.hl7.org\/index.php? title=Detailed_Clinical_Models. Accessed 03\/06\/ 2015"},{"key":"10.3414\/ME15-01-0016-47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goossen W, Goossen-Baremans A, van der Zel M. Detailed Clinical Models: A Review. Healthc Inform Res 2010; 16 (4): 201-214. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/ 10.4258\/hir.2010.16.4.201, PMID:23331046","DOI":"10.4258\/hir.2010.16.4.201"},{"key":"10.3414\/ME15-01-0016-48","unstructured":"SDMX - Statistical Data and Metadata Exchange, 2015. Available at www.sdmx.org. Accessed 03\/06\/ 2015"},{"key":"10.3414\/ME15-01-0016-49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carinci F, Orsini Federici M, Massi Benedetti M. Diabetes registers and prevention strategies: towards an active use of health information. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, Volume 74, S215-S219","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8227(06)70035-3"},{"key":"10.3414\/ME15-01-0016-50","unstructured":"Boyle D, Cunningham S, Sullivan F, Morris A, on behalf of the Tayside Regional Diabetes Network. Technology Integration for the provision of population-based equitable patient care: the Tayside Regional Diabetes Network: a brief description. Diabetes Nutrition and Metabolism 2001; 14 (2), 100-103"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3414\/ME15-01-0016-51","first-page":"127","volume":"19","author":"de","year":"2011","journal-title":"Inform Prim Care"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"10.3414\/ME15-01-0016-52","first-page":"449","volume":"129","author":"Duda","year":"2007","journal-title":"Stud Health Technol Inform"}],"container-title":["Methods of Information in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.3414\/ME15-01-0016.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,2]],"date-time":"2019-09-02T10:08:05Z","timestamp":1567418885000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.3414\/ME15-01-0016"}},"subtitle":["Defining a European Diabetes Data Dictionary for Clinical Audit and Healthcare Delivery"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"02","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3414\/me15-01-0016","relation":{},"ISSN":["0026-1270","2511-705X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0026-1270","type":"print"},{"value":"2511-705X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016]]}}}