{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,27]],"date-time":"2024-07-27T04:40:26Z","timestamp":1722055226963},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"01","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Methods Inf Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Introduction: This article is part of the Focus Theme of Methods of Information in Medicine on \u201cMethodologies, Models and Algorithms for Patients Rehabilitation\u201d. Objective: Identify eye gaze correlates of motor impairment in a virtual reality motor observation task in a study with healthy participants and stroke patients. Methods: Participants consisted of a group of healthy subjects (N = 20) and a group of stroke survivors (N = 10). Both groups were required to observe a simple reach-and-grab and place-and-release task in a virtual environment. Additionally, healthy subjects were required to observe the task in a normal condition and a constrained movement condition. Eye movements were recorded during the observation task for later analysis. Results: For healthy participants, results showed differences in gaze metrics when comparing the normal and arm-constrained conditions. Differences in gaze metrics were also found when comparing dominant and non-dominant arm for saccades and smooth pursuit events. For stroke patients, results showed longer smooth pursuit segments in action observation when observing the paretic arm, thus providing evidence that the affected circuitry may be activated for eye gaze control during observation of the simulated motor action. Conclusions: This study suggests that neural motor circuits are involved, at multiple levels, in observation of motor actions displayed in a virtual reality environment. Thus, eye tracking combined with action observation tasks in a virtual reality display can be used to monitor motor deficits derived from stroke, and consequently can also be used for re -habilitation of stroke patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3414\/me14-01-0125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,8]],"date-time":"2015-12-08T12:12:20Z","timestamp":1449576740000},"page":"79-83","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Eye Gaze Correlates of Motor Impairment in VR Observation of Motor Actions"],"prefix":"10.3414","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Vourvopoulos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Bernardino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"i Berm\u00fadez","family":"Badia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.3414\/ME14-01-0125-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2011.07.023"},{"key":"10.3414\/ME14-01-0125-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(12)70039-X"},{"key":"10.3414\/ME14-01-0125-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.22315"},{"key":"10.3414\/ME14-01-0125-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2805"},{"key":"10.3414\/ME14-01-0125-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.27.070203.144230"},{"key":"10.3414\/ME14-01-0125-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-934X(03)00356-0"},{"key":"10.3414\/ME14-01-0125-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00422-002-0318-1"},{"key":"10.3414\/ME14-01-0125-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00422-006-0110-8"},{"key":"10.3414\/ME14-01-0125-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2012.10.005"},{"key":"10.3414\/ME14-01-0125-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0193(200101)12:1<1::AID-HBM10>3.0.CO;2-V"},{"key":"10.3414\/ME14-01-0125-11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Holmes PS, Cumming J, Edwards MG. Movement imagery, observation, and skill. In: Guillot A, Collet C, editors. The neurophysiological foundations of mental and motor imagery. Oxford University Press; 2010. pp 245\u2006-269","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199546251.003.0018"},{"key":"10.3414\/ME14-01-0125-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2013.01.012"},{"key":"10.3414\/ME14-01-0125-13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/9.1.18"},{"key":"10.3414\/ME14-01-0125-14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(99)01418-7"},{"key":"10.3414\/ME14-01-0125-15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00604"},{"key":"10.3414\/ME14-01-0125-16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.03.043"},{"key":"10.3414\/ME14-01-0125-17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-007-0763-z"},{"key":"10.3414\/ME14-01-0125-18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alves J, Vourvopoulos A, Bernardino A, Bermudez i Badia S. Eye gaze patterns after stroke: correlates of a VR action execution and observation task. REHAB 2014. Proceedings of the 2nd Patient Rehabilitation Research Techniques Workshop; 2014 May 20; Oldenburg, Germany. ICST; 2014","DOI":"10.4108\/icst.pervasivehealth.2014.255288"},{"key":"10.3414\/ME14-01-0125-19","unstructured":"Amantis R, Corradi F, Molteni AM, Massara B, Orlandi M, Federici S, et al. Eye-tracking assistive technology: Is this effective for the developmental age? Evaluation of eye-tracking systems for children and adolescents with cerebral palsy. In: Gelderblom GJ, Soede M, Adriaens L, Miesenberger K, editors. Everyday Technology for Independence and Care: AAATE 2011. Amsterdam: IOS Press; 2011. pp 489\u2009-\u2006496"},{"key":"10.3414\/ME14-01-0125-20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Loconsole C, Bartalucci R, Frisoli A, Bergamasco M. A new gaze-tracking guidance mode for upper limb robot-aided neurorehabilitation. WHC 2011. 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