{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T15:57:04Z","timestamp":1772639824231,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: To evaluate the outcome of treatment of antebrachial and crural septic nonunion fractures in dogs using circular external skeletal fixation (CESF), and to document the type and frequency of complications associated with this technique.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Methods: The medical records of all dogs with infected antebrachial and crural nonunion fractures treated using the methods of Ilizarov at the Department of Animal Pathology of the University of Turin between 2006 and 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. Only dogs in which radiographic and clinical assessment were available at the time of CESF removal were included in the study.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Results: Twenty-three dogs met the inclusion criteria. Twenty nonunion fractures treated with CESF healed and three did not. The latter three cases underwent amputation of the affected limb. In the 20 dogs that achieved bone union, six had minor complications and five had major complications. The midterm outcome was judged to be excellent (n = 11), good (n = 6), fair (n = 2), or poor (n = 4).<\/jats:p><jats:p>Conclusions: The results of this study support the use of CESF for the management of antebrachial and crural septic nonunion fractures in dogs. Union was achieved in the majority of dogs and the complication rate was acceptable, considering the severity of the nonunion fractures that were managed in this fashion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3415\/vcot-13-08-0102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,7]],"date-time":"2014-07-07T08:59:01Z","timestamp":1404723541000},"page":"297-305","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Treatment of antebrachial and crural septic nonunion fractures in dogs using circular external skeletal fixation: a retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.3415","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"L.","family":"Piras","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Panichi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Ferretti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Peirone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Cappellari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.3415\/VCOT-13-08-0102-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jvet.2003.50014"},{"key":"10.3415\/VCOT-13-08-0102-2","unstructured":"Brinker MR. Nonunions: evaluation and treatment. In: Browner BD, Levine AM, Jupiter JB, et al., editors. Skeletal Trauma: Basic Science, Management, and Reconstruction. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 2003. pg. 507-604"},{"key":"10.3415\/VCOT-13-08-0102-3","unstructured":"Kaderly RE. Delayed union, nonunion and malunion. In Slatter D, editor. Textbook of Small Animal Surgery. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA, Saunders; 1993. pg. 1676-1685"},{"key":"10.3415\/VCOT-13-08-0102-4","first-page":"260","volume":"19","author":"Meister","year":"1990","journal-title":"Orthop Rev"},{"key":"10.3415\/VCOT-13-08-0102-5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(91)50082-6","volume":"21","author":"Sumner-Smith","year":"1991","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.3415\/VCOT-13-08-0102-6","first-page":"294","volume":"248","author":"Frost","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Rel Res"},{"key":"10.3415\/VCOT-13-08-0102-7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.3415\/VCOT-09-04-0049","volume":"23","author":"Ting","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol."},{"key":"10.3415\/VCOT-13-08-0102-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2003.tb12536.x"},{"key":"10.3415\/VCOT-13-08-0102-9","first-page":"724","volume":"42","author":"Rahal","year":"2001","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"10.3415\/VCOT-13-08-0102-10","first-page":"322","volume":"30","author":"Lesser","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"key":"10.3415\/VCOT-13-08-0102-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2000.tb03179.x"},{"key":"10.3415\/VCOT-13-08-0102-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1984.tb00773.x"},{"key":"10.3415\/VCOT-13-08-0102-13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0442.2005.00708.x"},{"key":"10.3415\/VCOT-13-08-0102-14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2011.03.045"},{"key":"10.3415\/VCOT-13-08-0102-15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Biasibetti A, Aloj D, Di Gregorio G, et al. Mechanical and biological treatment of long bone non-unions. Injury 2005; 36 Suppl 4: S45-S50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2005.10.013"},{"key":"10.3415\/VCOT-13-08-0102-16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e3181eaaa35"},{"key":"10.3415\/VCOT-13-08-0102-17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.73B4.2071654","volume":"73","author":"Kenwright","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"10.3415\/VCOT-13-08-0102-18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198163050-00016","volume":"63","author":"Wolf","year":"1981","journal-title":"Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.3415\/VCOT-13-08-0102-19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198902000-00029","volume":"239","author":"Ilizarov","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.3415\/VCOT-13-08-0102-20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gustilo RB, Anderson JT. Prevention of infection in the treatment of one thousand and twenty five open fractures of long bones. J Bone Joint Surg 1976; 58-A: 453-458","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197658040-00004"},{"key":"10.3415\/VCOT-13-08-0102-21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.5326\/0390479","volume":"39","author":"Anderson","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"key":"10.3415\/VCOT-13-08-0102-22","unstructured":"Weber BG, Cech O. Pseudoarthrosis, Pathophysiology, Biomechanics, Therapy, Results. New York-San Francisco-London: Grune and Stratton, Jovanovich Publishers; 1976"},{"key":"10.3415\/VCOT-13-08-0102-23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1998.tb00156.x"},{"key":"10.3415\/VCOT-13-08-0102-24","first-page":"485","volume":"19","author":"Anderson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Compendium Cont Ed"},{"key":"10.3415\/VCOT-13-08-0102-25","unstructured":"Ferretti A. The application of the Ilizarov technique to veterinary medicine. In: Maiocchi AB, Aronson J, editors. Operative Principles of Ilizarov. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins; 1991. pg. 551-570"},{"key":"10.3415\/VCOT-13-08-0102-26","unstructured":"Catagni M. Classification and treatment of nonunion. In: Maiocchi BA, Aronson J, editors. Operative Principles of Ilizarov. Milan: Medi Surgical Video; 1991. pg. 190-197"},{"key":"10.3415\/VCOT-13-08-0102-27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Whelan DB, Bhandari M, McKee MD, et al. Interobserver and intraobserver variation in the assessment of the healing of tibial fractures after intramedullary fixation. J Bone Joint Surg 2001; 84-B: 15-18","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.84B1.0840015"},{"key":"10.3415\/VCOT-13-08-0102-28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2005.00114.x"},{"key":"10.3415\/VCOT-13-08-0102-29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2007.00323.x"},{"key":"10.3415\/VCOT-13-08-0102-30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2008.00381.x"},{"key":"10.3415\/VCOT-13-08-0102-31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002640050263"},{"key":"10.3415\/VCOT-13-08-0102-32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.3928\/0147-7447-19841001-07","volume":"7","author":"Cierny","year":"1984","journal-title":"Orthopaedics"},{"key":"10.3415\/VCOT-13-08-0102-33","first-page":"429","volume":"23","author":"Franczuski","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"key":"10.3415\/VCOT-13-08-0102-34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(99)50109-5","volume":"29","author":"Welch","year":"1999","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"10.3415\/VCOT-13-08-0102-35","unstructured":"Latte Y. Applications du fixateur externe circulaire [Applications of circular external fixation]. In Latte Y, Meynard JA, editors. Manuel de fixation externe: applications au chien et au chat [Manual of External Fixation\u00a0: Applications in Dogs and Cats]. Paris\u00a0: PMCAC; 1997. pg. 425-500"},{"key":"10.3415\/VCOT-13-08-0102-36","first-page":"136","volume":"280","author":"Green","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.3415\/VCOT-13-08-0102-37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(00)00036-X"},{"key":"10.3415\/VCOT-13-08-0102-38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-1298(20)32449-4","volume":"25","author":"Gugenheim","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.3415\/VCOT-13-08-0102-39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1177\/230949900601400308","volume":"14","author":"Magadum","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Orth Surg"},{"key":"10.3415\/VCOT-13-08-0102-40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.3415\/VCOT-07-08-0079","volume":"21","author":"McCartney","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol"},{"key":"10.3415\/VCOT-13-08-0102-41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/ijom.2002.0347"},{"key":"10.3415\/VCOT-13-08-0102-42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2006.00267.x"},{"key":"10.3415\/VCOT-13-08-0102-43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3415\/VCOT-10-06-0089"},{"key":"10.3415\/VCOT-13-08-0102-44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1997.tb01463.x"},{"key":"10.3415\/VCOT-13-08-0102-45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3415\/VCOT-12-03-0047"}],"container-title":["Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.3415\/VCOT-13-08-0102.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,10]],"date-time":"2022-04-10T15:11:50Z","timestamp":1649603510000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.3415\/VCOT-13-08-0102"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"04","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3415\/vcot-13-08-0102","relation":{},"ISSN":["0932-0814","2567-6911"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0932-0814","type":"print"},{"value":"2567-6911","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014]]}}}