{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T02:49:28Z","timestamp":1788922168534,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Maad Rayan Publishing Company","content-domain":{"domain":["ahj.kmu.ac.ir"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Addict Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Dependence and withdrawal syndrome caused by opioids are the most important and unambiguous factors in the clinical use of narcotic painkillers. Some evidence indicates the beneficial effects of herbal fragments in attenuating this complication. In the current study, the impact of black seed oil (BSO) and opium poppy oil (OPO) was investigated on the symptoms of morphine withdrawal syndrome in mice. Methods: For three days, morphine was administrated to induce dependence in mice. To induce the withdrawal syndrome, on the 4th day, naloxone was injected. Thirty minutes before naloxone administration, various doses of BSO (250, 500 mg\/kg) and OPO (150, 300 mg\/kg) were given as active treatments, along with saline and clonidine, to 6 groups. The data obtained were compared to those from other groups that received clonidine and saline separately (n=8). The levels of excitability, anxiety-like behavior, and pain threshold were assessed using the open field test, elevated plus maze (EPM), and hot plate tests. Findings: Clonidine and both studied doses of BSO significantly increased the presence of mice in the light arm of the EPM (P&lt;0.05). The irritability and locomotion in animals with withdrawal syndrome in the groups that received BSO and clonidine considerably reduced and the pain sensitivity was elevated (P&lt;0.05). There was no significant difference between the BSO and clonidine groups. OPO did not significantly improve symptoms. Conclusion: The present results revealed that the administration of BSO is effective in relieving the manifestations of morphine withdrawal syndrome, including anxiety, irritability, and motor activity, in a manner comparable to clonidine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.34172\/ahj.1587","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T16:13:01Z","timestamp":1765037581000},"page":"1587","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34172\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Therapeutic Potential of Black Seed and Opium Poppy Oils in Mitigating Morphine Withdrawal Syndrome in an Animal Model"],"prefix":"10.34172","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5321-1587","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mohammad Hassan","family":"Mirasheh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2002-9332","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mahdi","family":"Mashhadi Akbar Boojar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Saberi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyed Mohammad","family":"Zarei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy and Traditional Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Kazemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"20123","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra025411"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/shr-05-2018-0040"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1465-3362.2010.00271.x"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2019.01.003"},{"key":"R5","first-page":"1005","article-title":"Herbal drugs for the treatment of opioid withdrawal syndrome: a mini review","volume":"19","author":"Bawa G","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plant Arch"},{"key":"R6","first-page":"90","article-title":"Beneficial effects of Rosmarinus officinalis for treatment of opium withdrawal syndrome during addiction treatment programs: a clinical trial","volume":"5","author":"Solhi H","year":"2013","journal-title":"Addict Health"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1871527317666180702101455"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-1296.157729"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox8020051"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17660\/ActaHortic.2014.1036.20"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hayat MT, Hameed U, Zia-Ul-Haq M. Opium poppy. In: Zia-Ul-Haq M, Al-Huqail AA, Riaz M, Gohar UF, eds. Essentials of Medicinal and Aromatic Crops. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2023. p. 935-64. doi: 10.1007\/978-3-031-35403-8_36.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-35403-8_36"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(20)30852-7"},{"key":"R13","unstructured":"Abbasi Maleki S, Mosavi SZ, Rahbari Farzoo M, Khayatnouri MH. Evaluation of the effect of citalopram on morphine withdrawal signs in male mice. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2012;11(5):427-36. [Persian]."},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2019.00262"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.21886"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34172\/ijbsm.2022.06"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-60759-3"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028015626438"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1389200223666220608142506"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agrawal N, Kumar S, Gupta N. Pharmacological benefits of Papaver somniferum L.: nutritional and medicinal aspects of opium poppy. In: Pharmacological Benefits of Natural Agents. IGI Global; 2023. p. 298-317.","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-6684-6737-4.ch017"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.47081\/njn2016.8.1\/002","article-title":"Black seed oil improves motor and anxiety-like behaviors and cerebellar cyto-architectonic in adult male Wistar rats","volume":"8","author":"Ajao MS","year":"2016","journal-title":"Niger J Neurosci"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00650"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2020.135617"},{"key":"R24","first-page":"55","article-title":"Attenuation of morphine tolerance and dependence by thymoquinone in mice","volume":"6","author":"Hosseinzadeh H","year":"2016","journal-title":"Avicenna J Phytomed"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26355\/eurrev_202303_31579"},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2018.5243"},{"key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-019-0728-6"},{"key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.20693"},{"key":"R29","first-page":"56","article-title":"Oil and morphine contents of Turkish poppy populations","volume":"9","author":"Arslan N","year":"2000","journal-title":"Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Dergisi"},{"key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/spc.0000000000000055"},{"key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1567-5769(02)00139-x"},{"key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1735-5362.350239"},{"key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0257-7941.118537"},{"key":"R34","first-page":"227","article-title":"Neuroprotective effect of thymoquinone, the Nigella sativa bioactive compound, in 6-hydroxydopamine-induced hemi-parkinsonian rat model","volume":"13","author":"Sedaghat R","year":"2014","journal-title":"Iran J Pharm Res"},{"key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.4103\/2221-1691.363875","article-title":"Antidepressant and anti-nociceptive effects of Nigella sativa and its main constituent, thymoquinone: a literature review","volume":"12","author":"Anaeigoudari A","year":"2022","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Trop Biomed"},{"key":"R36","first-page":"196","article-title":"Nigella sativa effects on neurotransmitter systems: potential treatment for drug tolerance and dependence","volume":"7","author":"Fauzi NF","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Pharm Res Allied Sci"},{"key":"R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-016-2073-z"},{"key":"R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18203\/2319-2003.ijbcp20162176"},{"key":"R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5455\/ja.20190531094932"},{"key":"R40","first-page":"139","article-title":"Repeated administration of Nigella sativa decreases 5-HT turnover and produces anxiolytic effects in rats","volume":"22","author":"Perveen T","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pak J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"R41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/6075679"},{"key":"R42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/1528635"}],"container-title":["Addiction and Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ahj.kmu.ac.ir\/article_92622_0370909edbeeb0f6bcf92a1f392fb378.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ahj.kmu.ac.ir\/article_92622_0370909edbeeb0f6bcf92a1f392fb378.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T16:13:03Z","timestamp":1765037583000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ahj.kmu.ac.ir\/article_92622.html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]]},"references-count":42,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34172\/ahj.1587","relation":{},"ISSN":["2008-4633","2008-8469"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2008-4633","type":"print"},{"value":"2008-8469","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Kerman University of Medical Sciences","name":"journal_owner","label":"Journal Owner"},{"value":"Kerman University of Medical Sciences","name":"journal_publisher","label":"Journal Publisher"},{"value":"2024-07-07","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-10-28","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-02","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}