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Research involved defining questions and searching databases like PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar using keywords such as \"nicotine,\" \"ethanol,\" and \"state-dependent learning.\" Both substances influence memory, either enhancing or impairing it through intricate mechanisms. Studies show nicotine and ethanol together can trigger state-dependent learning, involving neurotransmitter interactions in brain regions like the amygdala and hippocampus during memory formation and retrieval.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.34172\/ahj.1602","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T10:43:01Z","timestamp":1792060981000},"page":"1602","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34172\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Modulatory Role of Nicotine and Alcohol in State-Dependent Learning and Memory"],"prefix":"10.34172","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8364-4889","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Saba","family":"Niknamfar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7644-4834","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hamed","family":"Ghazvini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran"},{"name":"Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahshid","family":"Naseri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8261-0512","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mohammadreza","family":"Zarrindast","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2796-5868","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Raheleh","family":"Rafaiee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7228-4071","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Seyedeh Masoumeh","family":"Seyedhosseini Tamijani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2007-3584","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Moazamehosadat","family":"Razavinasab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"20123","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/4411316"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10673220490910844"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boiangiu RS, Mihasan M, Gorgan DL, Stache BA, Petre BA, Hritcu L. 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