{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T15:23:21Z","timestamp":1786116201410,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Maad Rayan Publishing Company","content-domain":{"domain":["ahj.kmu.ac.ir"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Addict Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Understanding drug abuse triggers is crucial for preventing youth from succumbing to addiction. This study aimed to identify the drivers and psychosocial factors influencing illicit drug-substance abuse among individuals undergoing deaddiction treatment at male drug rehabilitation centers in eastern Nepal. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 14 registered drug rehabilitation centers in Koshi Province, Nepal. The determinants and psychosocial impact were assessed using a semi-structured, five-point Likert scale questionnaire, and an overall factor mean score&gt;2.5 was considered high. Bivariate and logistic regression analyses were used to examine the relationships between predictors and outcome variables. Findings: Overall, 229 participants with a median age of 25 years (Q1=21, Q3=29) were surveyed; the majority had finished secondary-level education (42.4%). Diazepam (66.4%) and tramadol (48.5%) were the most frequently abused pharmaceutical products, whereas marijuana (92.1%) and brown sugar (62%) were the most commonly abused illicit substances. The most common sources of acquiring illicit products were peers (84.7%), cross-border trade (74.2%), and pharmacies (53.3%). Exploratory analysis revealed that the family, socioeconomic factors, peers, and school-related factors had a high influence on illicit drug or substance abuse, and these factors were significantly associated with higher odds of developing adverse psychosocial impact (P&lt;0.05). Conclusion: Diazepam, tramadol, marijuana, and brown sugar were the most frequently abused illicit drugs and substances in eastern Nepal. Family, socioeconomic factors, peers, and school-related factors were found to have a substantial influence on drug addiction, and these were significantly associated with high psychosocial consequences.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.34172\/ahj.1647","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T07:54:56Z","timestamp":1786002896000},"page":"1647","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34172\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Factors Influencing Illicit Drug Substance Abuse and Its Perceived Psychosocial Impact Among Individuals Undergoing Deaddiction Treatment at Male Drug Rehabilitation Centers of Eastern Nepal"],"prefix":"10.34172","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8085-9119","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Prasanna","family":"Dahal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Purbanchal University School of Health Sciences, Sundarharaicha, Gothgaun, Morang, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0344-091X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shakti","family":"Shrestha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9174-7120","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sunil","family":"Shrestha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and Academics, Kathmandu Cancer Center, Thathali, Bhaktapur, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1822-3969","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rajeev","family":"Shrestha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIHR Patient Safety Research Collaboration, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9135-962X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bhuvan","family":"KC","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, School of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4133-6956","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kadir","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"20123","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/psychoactives3020013"},{"key":"R2","first-page":"112","article-title":"Substance misuse and substance use disorders: why do they matter in healthcare?","volume":"128","author":"McLellan AT","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/450348"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/157015911795017245"},{"key":"R5","unstructured":"United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). 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