{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T15:22:57Z","timestamp":1786116177764,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Maad Rayan Publishing Company","content-domain":{"domain":["ahj.kmu.ac.ir"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Addict Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Opium addiction is a global problem that is difficult to overcome and has a high relapse rate. Some studies have shown the effect of hypnosis in helping control withdrawal symptoms and reduce relapse. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of cognitive hypnotherapy on preventing relapse to opium use in men under methadone treatment. Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on 34 opium addicts who were admitted to the Addiction Center of 5 AZAR GORGAN Hospital in 2024. The study population was selected from the referring patients using convenience sampling and was randomly assigned into two groups (methadone plus hypnosis) and a control (methadone only). Participants with negative urine were included in the study. Cognitive hypnotherapy was conducted, including 8 sessions (60 minutes) once a week. For all samples (intervention and control), before and after the intervention, 3 and 6 months later, a morphine test was performed, and questionnaires were completed using the Ernest Barratt Impulsiveness Scale and the Substance Craving Scale. The data were analyzed using SPSS-19 software. The significance level was considered at P&lt;0.05. Findings: The rate of relapse in opium use and the mean impulsivity score in all of its dimensions in the hypnotherapy group was lower than that in the control group after the intervention, three and six months later, though it was not statistically significant (P&gt;0.05). Although the mean craving score in the two groups was not statistically significant, the craving score in the hypnotherapy group was lower than that in the control group (P&gt;0.05). Conclusion: Cognitive hypnotherapy can help reduce the desire to use opiate drugs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.34172\/ahj.1694","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T08:19:14Z","timestamp":1786004354000},"page":"1694","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34172\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The effect of cognitive hypnotherapy on preventing relapse to opium use in men under methadone treatment"],"prefix":"10.34172","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Mansoureh","family":"Haidari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Golestan Research Center of Psychiatry, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5875-330X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zolaykha","family":"Karamelahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Development Unit (CRDU)5 Azar Hospital, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran"},{"name":"Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4614-1194","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Zaman Kamkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Golestan Research Center of Psychiatry, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"20123","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1","unstructured":"Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Medication-Assisted Treatment for Opioid Addiction in Opioid Treatment Programs. Rockville (MD): Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (US); 2005."},{"key":"R2","first-page":"53\u201360","article-title":"Methadone treatment in Iranian opiate addicts: a preliminary report","volume":"3","author":"Eslami Shahrbabaki M","year":"2011","journal-title":"Addict Health"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7517-9-18"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/ijhrba.23402"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0034127"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Afkar A, Rezvani SM, Sigaroudi AE. Measurement of factors influencing the relapse of addiction: a factor analysis. International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and Addiction 2017;6(3).","DOI":"10.5812\/ijhrba.32141"},{"key":"R7","unstructured":"Ischenko EV, Alekseeva EM. HYPNOSIS As An Alternative Form For Prevention Of Drug Addiction In Adolescents. In\u0410\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435 2017(pp. 63-65)."},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.2016.0289"},{"key":"R9","first-page":"16\u201326","article-title":"Clinical hypnotherapy for stopping drug and alcohol addiction: Building resilience in clients to reduce relapses and remain clean and sober","volume":"41","author":"O\u2019Keefe T","year":"2020","journal-title":"Australian Journal of Clinical Hypnotherapy & Hypnosis"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-019-00072-0"},{"key":"R11","first-page":"48","article-title":"Control of tobacco paan and naswaar addiction by hypnosis","volume":"13","author":"Malik S","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pak J Physiol"},{"key":"R12","first-page":"93","article-title":"The Effectiveness of Hypnotherapy in Relapse Prevention, Reduction of Impulsiveness, and Decrease of Craving in Treated Stimulant Users","volume":"11","author":"Hashemi J","year":"2017","journal-title":"Research on Addiction"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169 \u2013 75","DOI":"10.1097\/ADT.0000000000000170","article-title":"Effect of Hypnotherapy in Alcohol Use Disorder Compared With Motivational Interviewing: A Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"18","author":"Shestopal I","year":"2019","journal-title":"Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment"},{"key":"R14","first-page":"326","article-title":"Reliability and validity of Persian versions of Eysenck, Barratt, Dickman and Zuckerman Questionnaires in assessing risky and impulsive behaviors","volume":"14","author":"Ekhtiari H","year":"2008","journal-title":"Iranian journal of psychiatry and clinical psychology"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gulati S, D\u2019Costa YA, Zador L, Kunnumpurath S. Hypnosis for Substance Abuse. 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