{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T11:44:24Z","timestamp":1792064664825,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Maad Rayan Publishing Company","content-domain":{"domain":["ahj.kmu.ac.ir"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Addict Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Gambling, as a high-risk behavior among university students, may pose a serious threat to their mental and physical health. This study aimed to identify the primary determinants of online and offline gambling prevalence among students. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 892 students selected from three major medical universities in CentralSouthern Iran, using convenience sampling. Lifetime and past-year online and offline gambling using a structured questionnaire. Survey-weighted univariate and multiple logistic regressions examined associations between variables and gambling prevalence. Findings: The prevalence of offline gambling was [17.89% (95% CI: (15.45%, 20.61%)] in the past year and [26.48%, 95% CI: (23.63%, 29.53%)] over a lifetime. The prevalence of online gambling was [13.61%, 95% CI: (11.45%, 16.09%)] in the past year and [19.45%, 95% CI: (16.92%, 22.26%)] over a lifetime. Excitement and challenge [OR=3.22, 95% CI: (1.43,7.26)] and having suicidal thoughts [OR=2.98, 95% CI: (1.18,7.49)] were both factors that increased the odds of lifetime offline gambling. Also, factors such as earning money [OR=4.44, 95% CI: (1.69, 11.70)], the use of mobile phones and computers [OR=3.14, 95% CI: (1.50, 6.60)], and having a sexual relationship outside of marriage [OR=2.22, 95% CI: (1.19, 4.14)] increased the odds of lifetime online gambling. Participating in sports activities reduced the odds of lifetime online gambling [OR=0.23, 95% CI: (0.10, 0.54)]. Conclusion: High-risk activities increase the chance of constantly engaging in gambling. Seeking excitement and spending more time on mobile and computer games puts students at greater risk of gambling. Effectively preventing harm requires addressing youth challenges, promoting responsible digital engagement, and developing recreational facilities, especially sports venues.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.34172\/ahj.1704","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T10:45:11Z","timestamp":1792061111000},"page":"1704","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34172\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Factors Associated with the Prevalence of Online and Offline Gambling Among Medical Sciences Students in Central-Southern Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.34172","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Yunes","family":"Jahani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health in Disasters and Emergencies Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Chegeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elham","family":"Sharifpoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Library and Information Sciences Department, Medical Informatics Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Tabrizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Development Unit, Valiasr Hospital, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran"},{"name":"Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Science, Fasa, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alireza","family":"Dehghani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farzan","family":"Madadizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Informatics Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Razieh","family":"Najafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Healthcare Data modeling, Departments of biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of public health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saiedeh","family":"Haji-Maghsoudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Services Management Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran"},{"name":"Modeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Reza","family":"Baneshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Women and Girls\u2019 Health Research Centre, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milad","family":"Ahmadi Gohari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Modeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"20123","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-7391-z"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.106.026187"},{"key":"R3","unstructured":"Korn DA. Examining Gambling Issues from a Public Health Perspective. Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH); 2009."},{"key":"R4","first-page":"62","article-title":"A socio-economic analysis of the online gambling","volume":"16","author":"Mazoochi M","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Information Technology Management"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-021-10020-7"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.46336\/ijeer.v5i2.940"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-023-10195-1"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107205"},{"key":"R9"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-020-00401-1"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2016.10.008"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ssewante N. Gambling addiction among university students. In: Rodr\u00edguez-Fern\u00e1ndez A, Izar-de-la-Fuente I, eds. Mental Health and School Adjustment-Contextual, Psychological Variables and Performance in School Environments. IntechOpen; 2025. doi:10.5772\/intechopen.1008726.","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.1008726"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-023-10188-0"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1021065116500"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ejihpe13100155"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/147608306x107881"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2024.108037"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/yco.0000000000000709"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.568543"},{"key":"R20","unstructured":"Kanishka M, Chandni PS. A Study on Impact of Internet Gambling Among College Students in Coimbatore. 2025. Available from: https:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract\u2005=\u20055232443."},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40429-015-0057-8"},{"key":"R22","first-page":"41","article-title":"Designing and evaluating the reliability and validity of gambling addiction screening questionnaire among substance use disorders","volume":"6","author":"Maarefvand M","year":"2017","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Social Work"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-023-10209-y"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-024-01354-5"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-022-00950-7"},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2022.107269"},{"key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-2933-0"},{"key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-021-10074-7"},{"key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1455072518765875"},{"key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-022-10106-w"},{"key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-022129"},{"key":"R32","unstructured":"Delfabbro PH. Australasian Gambling Review. 5th ed. Adelaide: Independent Gambling Authority; 2012."},{"key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-012-9341-x"},{"key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2017.02.033"},{"key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-6405.13248"},{"key":"R36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.4018\/ijcbpl.2013010104","article-title":"A scoping study of the structural and situational characteristics of internet gambling","volume":"3","author":"McCormack A","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Cyber Behav Psychol Learn"},{"key":"R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/njecp.njecp_11_19"},{"key":"R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-012-9320-2"},{"key":"R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0032866"},{"key":"R40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2017.05.032"},{"key":"R41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-031737"},{"key":"R42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-079633"},{"key":"R43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-020-09960-3"}],"container-title":["Addiction and Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ahj.kmu.ac.ir\/article_93161_a36b677f65455a38c55ac4c0e3ea7f87.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ahj.kmu.ac.ir\/article_93161_a36b677f65455a38c55ac4c0e3ea7f87.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T10:45:13Z","timestamp":1792061113000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ahj.kmu.ac.ir\/article_93161.html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]]},"references-count":43,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34172\/ahj.1704","relation":{},"ISSN":["2008-4633","2008-8469"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2008-4633","type":"print"},{"value":"2008-8469","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Kerman University of Medical Sciences","name":"journal_owner","label":"Journal Owner"},{"value":"Kerman University of Medical Sciences","name":"journal_publisher","label":"Journal Publisher"},{"value":"2025-06-03","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-27","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-11","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}