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The review emphasizes the role of these methods in public health monitoring, particularly in identifying high-risk populations and facilitating smoking cessation programs. Furthermore, it discusses the implications of non-invasive testing for research on tobacco exposure and secondhand smoke, underscoring the importance of accurate data collection in shaping effective tobacco control policies. Despite the advantages, challenges such as sensitivity, specificity, and environmental factors affecting test results are critically examined. The review identifies areas for future research, including technological innovations and the potential for expanded use in low-resource settings. 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