{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T03:30:18Z","timestamp":1777087818019,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Maad Rayan Publishing Company","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["ahj.kmu.ac.ir"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Addict Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Investigating the temporal variations and forecasting the trends in drug-related deaths can help prevent health problems and develop intervention programs. The recent policy in Iran is strongly focused on deterring drug use and replacing illicit drugs with legal ones. This study aimed to investigate drug-related deaths in Iran in 2014-2016 and forecast the death toll by 2019. Methods: In this longitudinal study, Box-Jenkins time series analysis was used to forecast drug-related deaths. To this end, monthly counts of drug-related deaths were obtained from March 2014 to March 2017. After data processing, to obtain stationary time series and examine the stability assumption with the Dickey-Fuller test, the parameters of the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Averages (ARIMA) model were determined using autocorrelation function (ACF) and partial autocorrelation function (PACF) graphs. Based on Akaike statistics, ARIMA (0, 1, 1) was selected as the best-fit model. Moreover, the Dickey-Fuller test was used to confirm the stationarity of the time series of transformed observations. The forecasts were made for the next 36 months using the ARIMA (0,1,2) model and the same confidence intervals were applied to all months. The final extracted data were analyzed using R software, Minitab, and SPSS-23. Findings: According to the Iranian Ministry of Health and the Legal Medicine Organization, there were 8883 drug-related deaths in Iran from March 2014 to March 2017. According to the time series findings, this count had an upward trend and did not show any seasonal pattern. It was forecasted that the mean drug-related mortality rate in Iran would be 245.8 cases per month until 2019. Conclusion: This study showed a rising trend in drug-related mortality rates during the study period, and the modeling process for forecasting suggested this trend would continue until 2019 if proper interventions were not instituted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.34172\/ahj.2023.1277","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,14]],"date-time":"2023-10-14T09:15:32Z","timestamp":1697274932000},"page":"149-155","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34172\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Time Series Modeling and Forecasting of Drug-Related Deaths in Iran (2014-2016)"],"prefix":"10.34172","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7027-0992","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mehran","family":"Zarghami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Omid","family":"Kharazmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematical Sciences, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abbas","family":"Alipour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Community Medicine Department, Medical Faculty, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6128-8023","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Masoudeh","family":"Babakhanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran"},{"name":"Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5639-2520","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ardeshr","family":"Khosravi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deputy for Public Health, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5175-9736","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Seyyed Davood","family":"Mirtorabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"20123","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13453"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sste.2018.01.001"},{"key":"R3","first-page":"480","article-title":"Burden of drug and alcohol use disorders in Iran: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010","volume":"18","author":"Moazen B","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Iran Med"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01436597.2017.1350818"},{"key":"R5","first-page":"1","article-title":"Drugs and Drug Policy in the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"","author":"Nikpour G","year":"2018","journal-title":"Middle East Brief"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/ijhrba.22863"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2015.11.018"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494818779955"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14014"},{"key":"R10","first-page":"321","article-title":"Health transition in Iran toward chronic diseases based on results of Global Burden of Disease 2010","volume":"17","author":"Naghavi M","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch Iran Med"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10810730.2011.626501"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22122\/ahj.v12i2.266"},{"key":"R13","unstructured":"Zivetz L. 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