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Findings: Overall, nine studies were included. The studies were carried out from 1994 to 2012 in seven out of the 31 provinces of Iran. Seven studies provided data on the prevalence of TB diagnosis among 1087 PWID. The pooled prevalence of TB diagnosis was 10.1% (95% CI: 4.5, 15.8) in studies carried out in hospitals and 0.54% (95% CI: 0.04, 1.04) in other settings. Conclusion: The present review suggests an approximately 40 times higher prevalence of TB among PWID compared to the general population. However, most of the included studies were conducted on a subpopulation of drug users, and caution should be exercised when generalizing the findings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.34172\/ahj.2023.1399","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,14]],"date-time":"2023-10-14T09:17:15Z","timestamp":1697275035000},"page":"219-227","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34172\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Prevalence of Tuberculosis among People Who Use Drugs in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.34172","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6752-7005","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hosein","family":"Rafiemanesh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1884-9371","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Behrang","family":"Shadloo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3888-3254","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Masoumeh","family":"Amin-Esmaeili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3596-6422","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yekta","family":"Rahimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3248-6207","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jaleh","family":"Gholami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5761-1668","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Afarin","family":"Rahimi-Movaghar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"20123","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). 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