{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:43:35Z","timestamp":1791420215104,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Maad Rayan Publishing Company","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["www.aimjournal.ir"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Iran Med"],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background<\/jats:bold>: Associations between hookah and opium use and an increased risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) have been suggested in a few studies, but more research is needed on the nature of these associations. We aimed to investigate the association between hookah and opium use and the prevalence of IHD in a population with relatively high prevalence of these exposures in Iran.<jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>: Using baseline data from the Pars Cohort Study (PCS), a prospective study of individuals aged 40-75 years in Fars province, southern Iran, we calculated adjusted and crude odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the independent association of hookah and opium use with prevalence of IHD.<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>: Of 9248 participants, 10.2% (95% CI: 9.5, 10.9) had self-reported IHD. Prevalence of ever use of hookah and opium was 48.9% (95% CI: 44.6, 53.6) and 10.2% (95% CI: 8.3, 12.5) among those with IHD, and 37.0% (95% CI: 35.7, 38.3) and 8.1% (95% CI: 7.5, 8.7) among those without IHD, respectively. Adjusted OR for the association with prevalence of IHD was 1.26 (95% CI: 1.08, 1.46) for hookah use and 1.71 (95% CI: 1.30, 2.24) for opium abuse. No dose-response association was found between hookah and prevalence of IHD.<jats:bold>Conclusion<\/jats:bold>: Hookah and opium abuse were associated with prevalent IHD in this study. Although more research is needed on these associations, particularly in prospective settings, reducing hookah and opium use could potentially reduce IHD risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.34172\/aim.2020.17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,8]],"date-time":"2020-05-08T12:55:46Z","timestamp":1588942546000},"page":"289-295","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34172\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Smoking Water-Pipe, Opium Use and Prevalence of Heart Disease: A Cross-sectional Analysis of Baseline Data from the Pars Cohort Study, Southern Iran"],"prefix":"10.34172","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Ali","family":"Adib","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyed Masoom","family":"Masoompour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hossein","family":"Molavi Vardanjani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah","family":"Gondomkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hossein","family":"Poustchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver, Pancreatic, and Biliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alireza","family":"Salehi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farhad","family":"Islami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Malekzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran"},{"name":"Liver, Pancreatic, and Biliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"20123","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32154-2"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000366"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32152-9"},{"key":"R4","first-page":"304","article-title":"Evaluating causes of death and morbidity in Iran, global burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors study 2010","volume":"17","author":"Forouzanfar MH","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch Iran Med"},{"key":"R5","first-page":"419","article-title":"Trend of Socio-Demographic Index and Mortality Estimates in Iran and its Neighbors, 1990- 2015; Findings of the Global Burden of Diseases 2015 Study","volume":"20","author":"Moradi-Lakeh M","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Iran Med"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15171\/jcvtr.2017.27"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-244"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2014-051903"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-2113.205323"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2014-051910"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000485"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17795\/ijpbs2074"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e2502"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.06.034"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2015-208251"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038-016-0848-2"},{"key":"R17","first-page":"205","article-title":"Epidemiologic Study of Opium Use in Pars Cohort Study: A Study of 9000 Adults in a Rural Southern Area of Iran","volume":"20","author":"Fallahzadeh MA","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Iran Med"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/11530770-000000000-00000"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2016.258897"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2014.03.036"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2012-302861"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2014-051907"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HCO.0000000000000319"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.08.055"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/nty065"},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(13)70550-3"},{"key":"R27","first-page":"916","article-title":"The effect of opium addiction on serum adiponectin and leptin levels in male subjects: a case control study from kerman coronary artery disease risk factors study (KERCADRS)","volume":"12","author":"Shahouzehi B","year":"2013","journal-title":"EXCLI J"},{"key":"R28","first-page":"149","article-title":"Elevated plasma homocysteine concentration in opium-addicted individuals","volume":"7","author":"Masoomi M","year":"2015","journal-title":"Addict Health"},{"key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lawlor M, Gersh B, Opie L, Gaziano TA. The Global Perspective of Ischemic Heart Disease. In: de Lemos JA, Omland T. Chronic Coronary Artery Disease. 1st ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2017: 16 \u201332.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-42880-4.00002-9"},{"key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.1068.13.6","article-title":"Reliability and validity of opiate use self-report in a population at high risk for esophageal cancer in Golestan, Iran","volume":"13","author":"Abnet CC","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"}],"container-title":["Archives of Iranian Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.aimjournal.ir\/PDF\/aim-23-289.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.aimjournal.ir\/PDF\/aim-23-289.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,23]],"date-time":"2022-10-23T09:21:16Z","timestamp":1666516876000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.aimjournal.ir\/Article\/aim-2198"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34172\/aim.2020.17","relation":{},"ISSN":["1029-2977","1735-3947"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1029-2977","type":"print"},{"value":"1735-3947","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Academy of Medical Sciences of the I.R. Iran","name":"journal_owner","label":"Journal Owner"},{"value":"Academy of Medical Sciences of the I.R. Iran","name":"journal_publisher","label":"Journal Publisher"}]}}