{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:17:52Z","timestamp":1787030272186,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Maad Rayan Publishing Company","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["www.aimjournal.ir"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Iran Med"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Blood-borne viruses (BBVs) are one of the most important public health concerns. South Khorasan has a long border with Afghanistan and concern has risen there about blood-borne oncogenic viral infections. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence and associated risk factors of human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) and co-infections of BBVs in Birjand, Iran\u2019s eastern border.\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    In this cross-sectional study, 3441 subjects were tested for sero-prevalence of HTLV-1 by ELISA. The data on demographic features, HTLV-1-related risk factors and other characteristics of the population were analyzed by Pearson chi-square and logistic regression tests. Finally, the co-infection of BBVs was evaluated in the study.\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The prevalence of HTLV-1 was 0.3% (95% CI: 0.12\u20130.48). Notably, the sero-prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis D virus (HDV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in our previous studies was reported at 0%, 0.2%, 1.2% and 1.6%, respectively. The results indicated that the occurrence of HTLV-1 infection was associated only with the history of hospitalization (odds ratio [OR]: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.07\u20130.97, with P = 0.04). The co-infection of HBV with HCV was the most common (2.35%), while a co-infection rate of 1.17% was found for both HBV\/HTLV-1 and HBV\/HDV.\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Although a higher prevalence of the viruses was expected, it was close to the overall Iranian population. With respect to close relationship with an HTLV-1 endemic area (Mashhad and Neyshabour), the prevalence is very low; however, more attention is needed. Our findings reinforce the importance of increasing knowledge about BBV-related health risk behaviors to prevent the emergence of new cases, especially in low-risk populations.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.34172\/aim.2020.85","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,21]],"date-time":"2020-10-21T00:49:26Z","timestamp":1603241366000},"page":"672-677","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34172\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of HTLV-1 and Co-infections of Blood-Borne Viruses in Birjand, Iran\u2019s Eastern Border"],"prefix":"10.34172","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8992-8424","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Masoud","family":"Yousefi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Birjand Infectious Disease Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gholam Reza","family":"Sharifzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Birjand Infectious Disease Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azadeh","family":"Ebrahimzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Birjand Infectious Disease Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zohreh","family":"Azarkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Birjand Infectious Disease Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Hasan","family":"Namaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Birjand Infectious Disease Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghedsiyeh","family":"Azarkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Birjand Infectious Disease Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanaz","family":"Ahmadi Ghezeldasht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Razavi Khorasan Branch, Mashhad, Iran"},{"name":"Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahim","family":"Rezaee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Najmeh","family":"Valizadeh Zare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arman","family":"Mosavat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Razavi Khorasan Branch, Mashhad, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0218-6833","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Masood","family":"Ziaee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Birjand Infectious Disease Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"20123","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]]},"container-title":["Archives of Iranian Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.aimjournal.ir\/PDF\/aim-23-672.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.aimjournal.ir\/PDF\/aim-23-672.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,21]],"date-time":"2020-10-21T00:49:26Z","timestamp":1603241366000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.aimjournal.ir\/Article\/aim-13943"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34172\/aim.2020.85","relation":{},"ISSN":["1029-2977","1735-3947"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1029-2977","type":"print"},{"value":"1735-3947","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Academy of Medical Sciences of the I.R. Iran","name":"journal_owner","label":"Journal Owner"},{"value":"Academy of Medical Sciences of the I.R. Iran","name":"journal_publisher","label":"Journal Publisher"}]}}