{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:17:52Z","timestamp":1787030272192,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Maad Rayan Publishing Company","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["aimjournal.ir"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Iran Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Complete SARS-CoV-2 genome sequencing in the early phase of the outbreak in Iran showed two independent viral entries. Subsequently, as part of a genome surveillance project, we aimed to characterize the genetic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 in Iran over one year after emerging. Methods: We provided 319 SARS-CoV-2 whole-genome sequences used to monitor circulating lineages in March 2020-May 2021 time interval. Results: The temporal dynamics of major SARS-CoV-2 clades\/lineages circulating in Iran is comparable to the global perspective and represent the 19A clade (B.4) dominating the first disease wave, followed by 20A (B.1.36), 20B (B.1.1.413), 20I (B.1.1.7), leading the second, third and fourth waves, respectively. We observed a mixture of circulating B.1.36, B.1.1.413, B.1.1.7 lineages in winter 2021, paralleled in a fading manner for B.1.36\/B.1.1.413 and a growing rise for B.1.1.7, prompting the fourth outbreak. Entry of the Delta variant, leading to the fifth disease wave in summer 2021, was detected in April 2021. This study highlights three lineages as hallmarks of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in Iran; B4, dominating early periods of the epidemic, B.1.1.413 (B.1.1 with the combination of [D138Y-S477N-D614G] spike mutations) as a characterizing lineage in Iran, and the co-occurrence of [I100T-L699I] spike mutations in half of B.1.1.7 sequences mediating the fourth peak. It also designates the renowned combination of G and GR clades\u2019 mutations as the top recurrent mutations. Conclusion: In brief, we provided a real-time and comprehensive picture of the SARS-CoV-2 genetic diversity in Iran and shed light on the SARS-CoV-2 transmission and circulation on the regional scale.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.34172\/aim.2022.83","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,8]],"date-time":"2023-01-08T03:04:16Z","timestamp":1673147056000},"page":"508-522","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34172\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Disease Waves of SARS-CoV-2 in Iran Closely Mirror Global Pandemic Trends"],"prefix":"10.34172","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4632-621X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zohreh","family":"Fattahi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran"},{"name":"Kariminejad-Najmabadi Pathology & Genetics Center, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marzieh","family":"Mohseni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran"},{"name":"Kariminejad-Najmabadi Pathology & Genetics Center, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Beheshtian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran"},{"name":"Kariminejad-Najmabadi Pathology & Genetics Center, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Jafarpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"},{"name":"Gerash Amir-al-Momenin Medical and Educational Center, Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khadijeh","family":"Jalalvand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Keshavarzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanieh","family":"Behravan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Ghodratpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, 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Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azam","family":"Ghaziasadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamad","family":"Soveyzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alireza","family":"Abdollahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyed Jalal","family":"Kiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 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of Medical Sciences of I.R. 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