{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T23:39:36Z","timestamp":1767829176565,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Maad Rayan Publishing Company","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["journalaim.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Iran Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Doctor Joseph D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Tholozan was a French physician who became the special physician of Nassereddin Shah, King of Persia (Iran) in the 19th century. He studied lots of topics in the field of epidemiology of infectious diseases. His efforts led to the discovery of the main vector of Iranian tick-born relapsing fever, Ornithodoros tholozani. He was also one of the pioneers of the Iranian Sanitary Council, whose efforts led to the foundation of the Ministry of Health of Iran a few decades later. This paper is a brief review of his biography and his roles in promoting health in Iran in the 19th century.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.34172\/aim.31196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,13]],"date-time":"2024-10-13T09:17:21Z","timestamp":1728811041000},"page":"595-597","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34172\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Discovery of <i>Ornithodoros tholozani<\/i>, the Main Vector of Iranian Tick-born Relapsing Fever"],"prefix":"10.34172","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7311-1164","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ali","family":"Emadzadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5954-493X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shirin","family":"Taraz Jamshidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"20123","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1","unstructured":"Th\u00e9odorid\u00e8s J. [A great Franco-Mauritian epidemiologist: Joseph D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Tholozan (1820-18970]. Bull Soc Pathol Exot 1998;91(1):104-8. [French]."},{"key":"R2","unstructured":"Boulinier G. [The origins of Doctor Joseph D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Tholozan (1820-1897)]. Hist Sci Med 1998;32(3):269-77. [French]."},{"key":"R3","unstructured":"Plessis JL, Theodorides J. [Tholozan: military physician]. Hist Sci Med 1998;32(3):279-86. [French]."},{"key":"R4","unstructured":"Behzadi MR, The Dissertation of Doctor Tholozan, Nassereddin Shah Qadjar\u2019s Hakim Baashi. Payaam-e- Bahaarestaan 2010;2(6):1121-36. [Persian]."},{"key":"R5","first-page":"119","article-title":"The historical backgrounds of the ministry of health foundation in Iran","volume":"10","author":"Azizi MH","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Iran Med"},{"key":"R6","first-page":"301","article-title":"Epidemiology and prophylaxis for cholera as seen by Tholozan [Article in French]","volume":"32","author":"Brisou B","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hist Sci Med"},{"key":"R7","unstructured":"Barbour AG. Relapsing fever. In: Dennis DT, Goodman JL, Sonenshine DE, eds. Tick\u2010Borne Diseases of Humans. Washington, DC: ASM Press; 2005. p. 220."},{"key":"R8","unstructured":"Barbour AG. Relapsing fever and Borrelia miyamotoi disease. In: Loscalzo J, Kasper DL, Longo DL, Fauci AS, Hauser SL, Jameson JL, eds. Harrison\u2019s Principles of Internal Medicine. 21th ed. USA: McGraw Hill; 2022. p. 1421-5."},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1707.101894"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/136485909x451852"},{"key":"R11","unstructured":"Rodhain F. [Joseph D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Tholozan and the Persian relapsing fever]. Hist Sci Med 1998;32(3):309-13. [French]."},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17420\/ap6603.274"},{"key":"R13","unstructured":"Mollaret HH. [Tholozan and plague in Persia]. Hist Sci Med 1998;32(3):297-300. [French]."},{"key":"R14","first-page":"563","article-title":"A history of the human plague in Iran","volume":"13","author":"Azizi MH","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Iran Med"},{"key":"R15","unstructured":"The Official Website of \u201cDoulab Catholic Cemetery\u201d. Available from: https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160415164356\/http:\/\/doulabcemetery.com\/en\/search.asp?Keyword\u2005=\u2005&Record\u2005=\u20052251. 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