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Methods: We collected 105 peripheral blood specimens from RA patients and 110 from healthy subjects. We then performed methylation analysis using the methylation-quantification of endonuclease-resistant DNA (MethyQESD) technique. Finally, we analyzed the data using appropriate nonparametric tests. Results: Our study revealed a significant decrease in OAS2 gene methylation in RA patients (P&lt;0.001). The ROC curve analysis further underscored the potential of OAS2 DNA methylation (AUC=0.718, P&lt;0.001) to effectively distinguish RA patients from healthy individuals. Although OAS2 methylation was generally reduced in RA patients compared to controls, RA patients with a positive family history exhibited higher methylation than those without (P=0.018). Moreover, increased OAS2 methylation was associated with reduced CRP levels (r=-0.317, P&lt;0.001). Conclusion: The methylation levels of OAS2 in peripheral blood cells show promise in distinguishing RA patients from healthy individuals. Furthermore, these levels show potential in identifying inflammation, a family history of RA, and other related disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.34172\/aim.35446","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T14:33:15Z","timestamp":1779719595000},"page":"12-20","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34172\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hypomethylation of the Human\n                    <i>OAS2<\/i>\n                    Gene in Blood Cells as a Potential Biomarker for Rheumatoid Arthritis: Findings from an Iranian Case-control Study"],"prefix":"10.34172","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4762-0859","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Delnya","family":"Gholami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Ourang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Saatchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Personalized Medicine and Genometabolomics Research Center, Hope Generation Foundation, Tehran, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esmat","family":"Rigi Yousefabadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emran","family":"Esmaeilzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetal Health Research Center, Hope Generation Foundation, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masoumeh","family":"Akhlaghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hoda","family":"Kavosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0357-1573","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hamid Reza","family":"Khorram Khorshid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"20123","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.13103"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crowson CS, Liao KP, Davis JM, 3rd, Solomon DH, Matteson EL, Knutson KL, et al. 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