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Despite the positive effects of estrogen on bone tissue, changes in the natural estrogen levels of the body can cause a number of diseases such as different types of cancer. Therefore, designing a therapeutic system which controls more accurate tissue targeting of estrogen seems to be a rational and promising practical approach. Methods: In this study, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs)-derived exosomes were loaded by estradiol using two different methods of drug loading, namely incubation and sonication methods and then the survival effects of the drug loaded exosomes on BMMSCs was investigated. Results: Examination of size, shape, and surface factors of exosomes in different states (pure exosomes and drug-loaded exosomes) showed that the round morphology of exosomes was preserved in all conditions. However, the particles size increased significantly when loaded by sonication method. The increased survival of BMMSCs was noted with estradiol-loaded exosomes when compared to the control group. Conclusion: The results suggest that estradiol-loaded exosomes have potential to be used as nano-drug carriers in the treatment of osteoporosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.34172\/apb.2023.072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,20]],"date-time":"2023-02-20T22:20:51Z","timestamp":1676931651000},"page":"736-746","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34172\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["17\u03b2-Estradiol-Loaded Exosomes for Targeted Drug Delivery in Osteoporosis: A Comparative Study of Two Loading Methods"],"prefix":"10.34172","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5483-5770","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mohammad Sadegh","family":"Gholami Farashah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran."},{"name":"Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical 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