{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T21:06:54Z","timestamp":1788469614446,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Maad Rayan Publishing Company","content-domain":{"domain":["apb.tbzmed.ac.ir"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Adv Pharm Bull"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose: Spironolactone (SPN), which is classified as an anti-androgen, has demonstrated efficacy in treating acne. This study aimed to utilize ultrasonication to create a chitosan-coated nano lipid carrier (NLC) for enhancing the delivery of SPN to the skin and treating acne. Methods: Various Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (HLB) values were investigated to optimize the SPN-NLCs. Photon correlation spectroscopy, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were employed to characterize the solid state of SPN in nanoparticle form. Additionally, the optimized formulation was used in a double-blind, randomized clinical trial. Results: Reducing the HLB of the surfactant mixtures resulted in a reduction in the size of SPN-NLCs. The formula with the smallest particle diameter (238.4\u00b10.74 nm) and the lowest HLB value (9.65) exhibited the highest encapsulation efficiency of 79.88 \u00b1 1.807%. Coating the optimized SPN-NLC with chitosan increased the diameter, PDI, zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency. In vitro skin absorption studies demonstrated sustained release profiles for chitosan-coated SPN-NLC. In the double-blind trial, a gel containing chitosan-coated SPN-NLC effectively treated mild to moderate acne vulgaris, leading to improved healing and reduced lesion count after 8 weeks of therapy compared to the placebo. It successfully addressed both non-inflammatory and inflammatory lesions without adverse effects on the skin. Conclusion: The findings indicate that chitosan-coated SPN-NLCs have the potential as nanoparticles for targeted SPN delivery to the skin, offering novel options for the treatment of acne vulgaris.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.34172\/apb.2024.011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,14]],"date-time":"2023-10-14T11:02:18Z","timestamp":1697281338000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34172\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Green formulation of spironolactone loaded chitosan coated nano lipid carrier for treatment of acne vulgaris: a randomized double-blind clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.34172","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2617-9961","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Majid","family":"Saeedi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katayoun","family":"Morteza-Semnani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jafar","family":"Akbari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zohreh","family":"Hajheydari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amin","family":"Goodarzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyyed Sohrab","family":"Rostamkalaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyyed Mohammad Hassan","family":"Hashemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1499-7668","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Seyyed Mobin","family":"Rahimnia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"20123","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,23]]},"container-title":["Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/apb.tbzmed.ac.ir\/Inpress\/apb-40809.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/apb.tbzmed.ac.ir\/Inpress\/apb-40809.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,14]],"date-time":"2023-10-14T11:02:18Z","timestamp":1697281338000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/apb.tbzmed.ac.ir\/Inpress\/apb-40809"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,23]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34172\/apb.2024.011","relation":{},"ISSN":["2228-5881","2251-7308"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2228-5881","type":"print"},{"value":"2251-7308","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Tabriz University of Medical Sciences","name":"journal_owner","label":"Journal Owner"},{"value":"Tabriz University of Medical Sciences","name":"journal_publisher","label":"Journal Publisher"},{"value":"2023-04-04","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-09-20","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-09-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}