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Methods: The GE-BM was developed using the thin film hydration technique and optimized by D-optimal design. GE-BM was characterized for vesicle size, entrapment efficiency, zeta potential, morphology, and Fourier transform electron microscope (FTIR) . The optimized GE-BM (GE-BMopt) was incorporated into an in situ gel and assessed for physicochemical characteristics. GE-BMopt in situ gel was evaluated for in vitro release, ex vivo permeation, toxicity, and antimicrobial study. Results: GE-BMopt has a vesicle size of 185.1\u00b14.8nm, PDI of 0.254, zeta potential of 27.6 mV, entrapment efficiency of 81.86\u00b11.29 %, and spherical morphology. The FTIR study presented no chemical interactions between GE and excipients. GE-BMopt in situ gel (GE-BMoptIG4) showed excellent viscosity, gelling strength, and ex-vivo bio-adhesion. GE-BMopt-IG4 showed significant high and sustained release of GE (78.08\u00b14.73% in 12h). GE-BMopt-IG4 displayed 3.27-fold higher ex-vivo goat corneal permeation than a pure GE solution. GE-BMopt-IG4 showed good corneal tolerance without any damage or irritation. GE-BMopt-IG4 showed significantly (P&lt;0.05) higher anti-bacterial activity (ZOI) against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli than pure GE solution. Conclusion: The study determined that the BM in situ gel system can serve as a substitute carrier for GE to enhance its therapeutic effectiveness, and further preclinical studies are required.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.34172\/apb.2024.057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,4]],"date-time":"2024-08-04T07:23:42Z","timestamp":1722756222000},"page":"646-664","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34172\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Development of Gentamicin Bilosomes Laden\n                    <i>In Situ<\/i>\n                    Gel for Topical Ocular Delivery: Optimization,\n                    <i>In Vitro<\/i>\n                    Characterization, Toxicity, and Anti-microbial Evaluation"],"prefix":"10.34172","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0181-0278","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ameeduzzafar","family":"Zafar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar Awad","family":"Alsaidan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malik Suliman","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohd","family":"Yasir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Arsi University, Asella 396, Ethiopia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Khalid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"20123","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2006.07.027"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/17512433.1.1.145"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ico.0000000000000660"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2021.105906"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-020-02965-y"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2016.01.069"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2023.104252"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2022.103333"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.124"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2021.09.019"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13101698"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03639045.2020.1755305"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/gels8110687"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2012.0069"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.11.006"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2020.101910"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10717544.2022.2100513"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gupta DK, Ahad A, Waheed A, Aqil M, Al-Jenoobi FI, Al-Mohizea AM. 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