{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T17:36:26Z","timestamp":1769880986219,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Maad Rayan Publishing Company","content-domain":{"domain":["bi.tbzmed.ac.ir"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioimpacts"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Remote ischemic conditioning upregulates endogenous protective pathways in response to ischemia-reperfusion injury. This study tested the hypothesis that limb remote ischemic per-conditioning (RIPerC) exerts cardioprotective effects via the renin-angiotensin system (RAS)\/inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)\/apelin pathway. Methods: Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (I\/R) was induced by bilateral occlusion of the renal pellicles for 60 minutes, followed by 24 hours of reperfusion; sham-operated rats served as controls. RIPerC was induced by four cycles (5 minutes) of limb ischemia-reperfusion along with bilateral renal ischemia. The functional disturbance was evaluated by renal (BUN and creatinine) and cardiac (troponin I and lactate dehydrogenase) injury biomarkers. Results: Renal I\/R injury increased renal and cardiac injury biomarkers that were reduced in the RIPerC group. Histopathological findings of the kidney and heart were also suggestive of amelioration injury-induced changes in the RIPerC group. Assessment of cardiac electrophysiology revealed that RIPerC ameliorated the decline in P wave duration without significantly affecting other cardiac electrophysiological changes. Further, renal I\/R injury increased the plasma (322.40\u00b134.01 IU\/L), renal (8.27\u00b11.10 mIU\/mg of Protein), and cardiac (68.28\u00b110.28 mIU\/mg of Protein) angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activities in association with elevations in the plasma and urine nitrite (25.47\u00b12.01 &amp; 16.62\u00b13.05 \u03bcmol\/L) and nitrate (15.47\u00b11.33 &amp; 5.01\u00b10.96 \u03bcmol\/L) levels; these changes were reversed by RIPerC. Further, renal ischemia-reperfusion injury significantly (P=0.047) decreased the renal (but not cardiac) apelin mRNA expression, while renal and cardiac ACE2 (P&lt;0.05) and iNOS (P=0.043) mRNA expressions were significantly increased compared to the sham group; these effects were largely reversed by RIPerC. Conclusion: Our results indicated that RIPerC protects the heart against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury, likely via interaction of the apelin with the RAS\/iNOS pathway. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.34172\/bi.2023.27567","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,16]],"date-time":"2023-08-16T06:18:18Z","timestamp":1692166698000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34172\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Protective effects of limb remote ischemic per-conditioning on the heart injury induced by renal ischemic-reperfusion through the interaction of the apelin with the RAS\/iNOS pathway"],"prefix":"10.34172","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5400-2736","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sahar","family":"Janfeshan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0534-7129","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Masjedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9558-099X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zeinab","family":"Karimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"20123","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]]},"container-title":["BioImpacts"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/bi.tbzmed.ac.ir\/Inpress\/bi-27567.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bi.tbzmed.ac.ir\/Inpress\/bi-27567.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,16]],"date-time":"2023-08-16T06:18:18Z","timestamp":1692166698000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bi.tbzmed.ac.ir\/Inpress\/bi-27567"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34172\/bi.2023.27567","relation":{},"ISSN":["2228-5660","2228-5652"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2228-5660","type":"print"},{"value":"2228-5652","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Tabriz University of Medical Sciences","name":"journal_owner","label":"Journal Owner"},{"value":"Tabriz University of Medical Sciences","name":"journal_publisher","label":"Journal Publisher"},{"value":"2022-08-14","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-03-13","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-07-19","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}