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Then, the viability and metastatic behaviors of MDA-MB-231 cells were monitored in the presence of different groups, including Dox, Exosomes (Exo), Exosomes loaded with Dox (Exo@Dox), and F-protein coupled Exosome groups (Exo-F) and (Exo-F@Dox).  Results: In vitro and in vivo results verified that the F-protein coupled exosome, as a modified natural nanoplatform, possessed a biocompatible nature in blood circulation and crossing of blood barriers. After exposure to tumoral temperature (40 \u00b0C) and lysosomal PH (5.5) demonstrate amplified Dox release (around 60% at 8 h). Also, in vitro uptake results confirmed a significant increase in Exo-F internalization compared to the Exo group in MDA-MB-231 cells (P&lt;0.0001). Correspondingly, the IC50 value of Exo-F@Dox versus free Dox showed a significant reduction (24-fold more potent) (P&lt;0.0001). Interestingly, Dox-free modified Exo (Exo-F) showed appreciable cytotoxicity (IC50 of about 0.1 \u00b5g \/mL for exosomal protein concentration) (P\u02c20.0001). Also, migration assay results confirmed a considerable decrease in the migrated population of MDA-MB-231 cells (10%) compared to the control group, following exposure to modified exosomes. Interestingly, an in vivo study in tumor-bearing Balb\/c mice demonstrated a significantly decreased tumor size in the Exo-F groups compared to other formulations.  Conclusion: In summary, F-protein modified exosomes exhibited superior anticancer efficacy by improving tumor-specific targeting, ensuring precise delivery of chemotherapeutic agents, facilitating efficient drug release, and allowing for lower therapeutic dosages.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.34172\/bi.33180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T11:48:49Z","timestamp":1784634529000},"page":"33180","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34172\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Targeted delivery of doxorubicin using RSV F-protein modified breast cancer-derived exosomes in breast cancer-bearing mice"],"prefix":"10.34172","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3747-2816","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Narges","family":"Mardi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical 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