{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T22:00:57Z","timestamp":1791324057703,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Maad Rayan Publishing Company","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["hpp.tbzmed.ac.ir"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Health Promot Perspect"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Depressive disorders are one of the most common mental health diseases, which are associated with adverse life events such as increased risk of self-injury. This study was aimed to measure the epidemiological status and the burden of depressive disorders in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries. Methods: The study population included 21 countries in the MENA region, covering a population of about 600 million. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 database was used. The disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were estimated by the years lived with disability (YLDs) component. The prevalence, incidence, and the DALYs rates per 100000 people by age-standardized rate (ASR) were measured. Results: In 2019, the highest prevalence 6198.95 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 5402.41- 7108.39), incidence 7864.2 (95% UI, 6719.71-9216.83), and DALYs 1168.68 (95% UI, 802.95- 1624.31) per 100,000 were in Palestine by ASR. Between 1990 and 2019, the depressive disorders-related prevalence, incidence, and DALYs rates in the MENA region increased by 0.004%, 0.006%, and 0.005%. The highest increment of the prevalence, incidence, and DALYs rates was related to Saudi Arabia by 0.05%, 0.064%, and 0.055%. The highest percentage of major depressive disorder (MDD)-related DALYs attributed to intimate partner violence was related to Iran (101.1). Also, the highest percentage of MDD-related DALYs attributed to childhood sexual abuse (34.26) and bullying victimization (49.81) was related to Palestine. Conclusion: Given the increasing trend of depressive disorders in MENA region, mental health programs should be prioritized across the MENA countries, with significant contributions and involvement of the governments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.34172\/hpp.2022.39","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,14]],"date-time":"2023-01-14T07:12:17Z","timestamp":1673680337000},"page":"301-309","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34172\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Epidemiological status of depressive disorders in the Middle East and North Africa from 1990 to 2019"],"prefix":"10.34172","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Moradinazar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioral Disease Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parmida","family":"Mirzaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Kermanshah branch Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saied","family":"Moradivafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioral Disease Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahdieh","family":"Saeedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioral Disease Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mona","family":"Basiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioral Disease Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Shakiba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioral Disease Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"20123","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(17)32154-2"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(19)30041-8"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159x1304150831150507"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(07)61415-9"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0169907"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-018-1598-x"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-0025.2010.01077.x"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jebm.12310"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.12738"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14623730.2009.9721788"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(20)30750-9"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(18)32279-7"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(20)30752-2"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(17)32130-x"},{"key":"R15","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (APA). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Washington, DC: APA; 1980."},{"key":"R16","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders: Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines. Geneva: WHO; 1992."},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(12)61728-0"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/injuryprev-2015-041616"},{"key":"R19","unstructured":"Ahmad OB, Boschi-Pinto C, Lopez AD, Murray CJ, Lozano R, Inoue M. Age Standardization of Rates: A New WHO Standard. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2001."},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Porta M. A Dictionary of Epidemiology. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2014.","DOI":"10.1093\/acref\/9780199976720.001.0001"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2013.12.025"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001547"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0116820"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.1132"},{"key":"R25","unstructured":"Qouta S. Trauma, Violence, and Mental Health: The Palestinian Experience. S.R.I. Quta; 2000."},{"key":"R26","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mental health in Palestine: country report","volume":"44","author":"Jabr S","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arab J Psychiatr"},{"key":"R27","unstructured":"McKee S. Rethinking Development and Health: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation; 2016."},{"key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-017-0803-9"},{"key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2020.562316"},{"key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10865-009-9218-3"},{"key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-016-1075-3"},{"key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2017.26.43.10919"},{"key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09540261.2013.875891"},{"key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.0000165928.19135.35"},{"key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2215-0366(19)30475-4"},{"key":"R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-2509"},{"key":"R37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhatta DK, Budhathoki K, Paudel K, Paudel S, Marhatta SB, Banskota A, et al. Burden of depressive and anxiety disorders in Nepal, 1990-2017: an analysis of global burden of disease data. medRxiv [Preprint]. June 15, 2021. Available from: https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2021.06.13.21258841v1.","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.06.13.21258841"}],"container-title":["Health Promotion Perspectives"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/hpp.tbzmed.ac.ir\/PDF\/hpp-12-301.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/hpp.tbzmed.ac.ir\/PDF\/hpp-12-301.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]],"date-time":"2023-12-04T19:06:18Z","timestamp":1701716778000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/hpp.tbzmed.ac.ir\/Article\/hpp-36116"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,10]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34172\/hpp.2022.39","relation":{},"ISSN":["2228-6497"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2228-6497","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Tabriz University of Medical Sciences","name":"journal_owner","label":"Journal Owner"},{"value":"Tabriz University of Medical Sciences","name":"journal_publisher","label":"Journal Publisher"},{"value":"2021-12-26","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-10-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-12-10","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}