{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T06:18:26Z","timestamp":1789021106514,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Maad Rayan Publishing Company","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["japid.tbzmed.ac.ir"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Adv Periodontol Implant Dent"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This narrative review summarizes recent advances in in situ gel drug delivery systems for periodontal therapy, focusing on formulation strategies, the pharmaceutical agents involved, and their clinical applications. A comprehensive search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar for English-language articles published from 2000 to 2024 using relevant keywords. Articles were selected based on their clinical significance, scientific rigor, and relevance to periodontal treatment. In situ gels use physiological stimuli such as pH, temperature, or ions for sol-to-gel transition, enabling sustained and localized drug release into periodontal pockets. These systems aim to improve therapeutic efficacy and reduce systemic side effects. However, limitations like inconsistent gelation, low mechanical strength, and limited long-term clinical data hinder widespread clinical adoption. Future research should focus on formulation optimization and rigorous clinical trials to facilitate the integration of in-situ gels into routine periodontal care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.34172\/japid.025.3827","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]],"date-time":"2025-12-14T16:40:26Z","timestamp":1765730426000},"page":"216-226","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34172\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["<i>In-situ<\/i>\n                    gel drug delivery system as a viable approach to periodontal therapy: A comprehensive review"],"prefix":"10.34172","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3722-8021","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Supreeth Sirangala","family":"Vivek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy Soldevanahalli, Hesaraghatta Road, Bengaluru-560107 Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6169-2010","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Venkatesh Dinnekere","family":"Puttegowda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy Soldevanahalli, Hesaraghatta Road, Bengaluru-560107 Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0584-8150","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Joysa Ruby Joseph","family":"Rajarathinam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy Soldevanahalli, Hesaraghatta Road, Bengaluru-560107 Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0644-983X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gunashekar","family":"Dhanapal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy Soldevanahalli, Hesaraghatta Road, Bengaluru-560107 Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9495-8875","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Naveen Kumar Karimaranahalli","family":"Banappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy Soldevanahalli, Hesaraghatta Road, Bengaluru-560107 Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9599-7490","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chaithanya Kadalu","family":"Mahendra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy Soldevanahalli, Hesaraghatta Road, Bengaluru-560107 Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5526-9368","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pooja","family":"Rangadham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy Soldevanahalli, Hesaraghatta Road, Bengaluru-560107 Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"20123","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/18742106-v17-230809-2023-34"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12147"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(05)67728-8"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0757.2001.22250102.x"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12221"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1834-7819.2009.01147.x"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2710.1992.tb01220.x"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc13948"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.therap.2018.11.002"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-023-03990-2"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijd.2012.07.006"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5667\/CellMed.2021.0006"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/280928"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33899\/iraqij.p.2024.147513.1090"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7439\/ijap.v6i2.3806"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1998.69.5.507"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.55927\/fjas.v2i7.4838"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejm199002083220606"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.766944"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.14.4.727-752.2001"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1992.63.4s.322"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2005.03.001"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.1966.tb01842.x"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.1980.tb00265.x"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-302x.1989.tb00398.x"},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1994.65.9.892"},{"key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1985.56.8.443"},{"key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-302x.2004.00161.x"},{"key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.02806-0"},{"key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1979.50.7.350"},{"key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.2019.3"},{"key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1834-7819.2009.01140.x"},{"key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612053764878"},{"key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ajprhc.ajprhc_86_24"},{"key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bmb.a011519"},{"key":"R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.1999.tb01987.x"},{"key":"R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/phn2003589"},{"key":"R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2001.72.2.183"},{"key":"R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2005.76.12.2187"},{"key":"R40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1999.70.7.711"},{"key":"R41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199309000-00003"},{"key":"R42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051x.1997.tb01182.x"},{"key":"R43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2012.00457.x"},{"key":"R44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17816\/1728-2802-2021-25-4-337-343"},{"key":"R45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.2014.905"},{"key":"R46","first-page":"65","article-title":"Recent advances in periodontal formulations","volume":"1","author":"Sapra P","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Pharm Chem Anal"},{"key":"R47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20510\/10.20510\/pbj\/10\/i1\/1646"},{"key":"R48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7324\/japs.2016.601028"},{"key":"R49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-973x.100042"},{"key":"R50","first-page":"577","article-title":"In-situ gel nasal drug delivery system-a review","volume":"4","author":"Bajpai V","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Pharma Sci"},{"key":"R51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-39013-3"},{"key":"R52","first-page":"1089","article-title":"Preparation and evaluation of in-situ-gels for ocular drug delivery","volume":"2","author":"Mohan EC","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Pharm Res"},{"key":"R53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43094-020-00053-x"},{"key":"R54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18579\/jpcrkc\/2015\/14\/2\/79082"},{"key":"R55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0168-3659(97)01648-9"},{"key":"R56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/42218"},{"key":"R57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2008.08.042"},{"key":"R58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1208\/pt070238"},{"key":"R59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3797\/scipharm.1010-04"},{"key":"R60","first-page":"30","article-title":"In situ gelling ophthalmic drug delivery system: an overview","volume":"2","author":"Rathore KS","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Pharm Pharm Sci"},{"key":"R61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.10290"},{"key":"R62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3797\/scipharm.0803-17"},{"key":"R63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03639040701831710"},{"key":"R64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobcr.2019.04.001"},{"key":"R65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2024.1384326"},{"key":"R66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10717544.2016.1233591"},{"key":"R67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14173624"},{"key":"R68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13770-024-00671-z"},{"key":"R69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-024-02960-1"},{"key":"R70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2024.106147"},{"key":"R71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22270\/jddt.v12i4-s.5539"},{"key":"R72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.092"},{"key":"R73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2020.07.044"},{"key":"R74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20959\/wjpr20208-18075"},{"key":"R75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics12090859"},{"key":"R76","first-page":"175","article-title":"A review on in situ gel: a novel drug delivery system","volume":"50","author":"Mohanty D","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res"},{"key":"R77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42269-023-01123-9"},{"key":"R78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-051x.29.s3.8.x"},{"key":"R79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2007.060488"},{"key":"R80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0757.2002.280106.x"},{"key":"R81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/msm.940635"},{"key":"R82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2010.10.005"},{"key":"R83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2006.00170.x"},{"key":"R84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2004.00558.x"},{"key":"R85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2011.01.027"},{"key":"R86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10717544.2014.935531"},{"key":"R87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-024-02842-6"}],"container-title":["Journal of Advanced Periodontology &amp; Implant Dentistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/japid.tbzmed.ac.ir\/PDF\/japid-17-216.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/japid.tbzmed.ac.ir\/PDF\/japid-17-216.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]],"date-time":"2025-12-14T16:40:29Z","timestamp":1765730429000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/japid.tbzmed.ac.ir\/Article\/japid-3827"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]]},"references-count":87,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,22]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34172\/japid.025.3827","relation":{},"ISSN":["2645-5390"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2645-5390","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Tabriz University of Medical Sciences","name":"journal_owner","label":"Journal Owner"},{"value":"Tabriz University of Medical Sciences","name":"journal_publisher","label":"Journal Publisher"},{"value":"2025-04-05","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-15","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-02","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}