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However, moderate inflammation and plaque accumulation reflected fair oral hygiene and persistent smoking. This case emphasizes the need for strict maintenance at three-month intervals and elimination of risk factors, particularly smoking and poor glycemic control. Implant therapy in MS patients should be undertaken cautiously with comprehensive risk assessment and interdisciplinary planning. Although this single case showed favorable outcomes, the findings should be interpreted with caution, given the persistent high-risk factors and limited generalizability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.34172\/japid.025.3973","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]],"date-time":"2025-12-14T16:40:35Z","timestamp":1765730435000},"page":"234-239","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34172\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Full-mouth rehabilitation with implant-supported overdentures in a heavy smoker with multiple sclerosis: A 3-year follow-up case report"],"prefix":"10.34172","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0262-3917","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rola Muhammed","family":"Shadid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Arab American University, Jenin, Palestine"},{"name":"Private Practice, Tulkarm, Palestine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"20123","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/adj.12510"},{"key":"R2","first-page":"99","article-title":"Validation of the Persian version of dysphagia in multiple sclerosis questionnaire for the assessment of dysphagia in multiple sclerosis","volume":"17","author":"Jafari Z","year":"2018","journal-title":"Iran J Neurol"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21117"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21141"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2023.104874"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1474-4422(06)70581-6"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458520970841"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13071009"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/b978-0-323-91532-8.00013-6"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.26858"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-0292"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-019-0969-0"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41432-021-0159-1"},{"key":"R14","first-page":"4610","article-title":"Oral and craniofacial manifestations of multiple sclerosis: implications for the oral health care provider","volume":"19","author":"Zhang GQ","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"R15","unstructured":"Canadian Pharmacists Association. 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