{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T11:58:00Z","timestamp":1763035080345,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Maad Rayan Publishing Company","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["jcs.tbzmed.ac.ir"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Caring Sci"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>Introduction:<\/jats:bold> In view of the contradictory results for the use of cold tubes for the purpose of enhancing nasogastric tube insertion success there is a pressing need for further research in this area. This study aimed to determine the effect of using cold versus regular temperature nasogastric tube on successful nasogastric tube insertion for patients referring to toxicology emergency department. <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> This study is a clinical trial with two groups design of 65 patients admitted to toxicology emergency department who were divided into two groups by random allocation. Nasogastric tubes used in the intervention group had been stored in a refrigerator at 2\u00b0-8\u00b0 C while the ones employed in the control group had been maintained at the room temperature of 22-28\u00b0 C. Nasogastric tube insertions in both groups were done by the investigator according to standard methods. The data were analyzed using SPSS ver. 13. <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> The placement of nasogastric tube was done in the first attempt with 27 (%84.4) of the subjects in the control group and 33 (%100.0) in the intervention group. The chi-square test results showed that the frequency of the number of attempts for gastric intubation in subjects between the two groups was statistically significant. <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> Cooling gastric tubes reduces the time required for nasogastric intubation. Thus, it is suggested that the gastric tubes be cooled before the application of the procedure so as to reduce complications, increase patient comfort and save nurses time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.34172\/jcs.2020.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,26]],"date-time":"2020-04-26T10:21:02Z","timestamp":1587896462000},"page":"21-25","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34172\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Comparison of Using Cold Versus Regular Temperature Tube on Successful Nasogastric Intubation for Patients in Toxicology Emergency Department: a Randomized Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.34172","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6722-8411","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Seyed Reza","family":"Mazlom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8438-3795","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ali Asghar","family":"Firouzian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Esfarayen Faculty of Medical Sciences, Esfarayen, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7734-320X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Heji Mohamad","family":"Norozi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0492-0125","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alireza","family":"Ghasemi Tousi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1960-7243","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Marhamati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Esfarayen Faculty of Medical Sciences, Esfarayen, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"20123","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1","unstructured":"Brunda G , Suzanne C. Intestinal medical surgical nursing. 10th ed. United States: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2009."},{"key":"R2","unstructured":"Geti A. Emergency nursing. 1st ed . Tehran: Boshra; 2005.(Persian)."},{"key":"R3","unstructured":"Sadatian A.Toxicity. 7th ed.Tehran: Samat; 2000. (Persian)."},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.141.3.307"},{"key":"R5","unstructured":"Aghabekloei A, Mostafazadeh B. Diagnosis and treatment of pharmaceutical and chemical acute poisoning is common in Iran. 1st ed. Tehran: Hayan; 2009."},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-12-99"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-009-0144-x"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0b013e3181af5e1f"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1758-3284-3-24"},{"key":"R10","first-page":"402","article-title":"Comparison of success rate of three methods of nasogastric intubation","volume":"12","author":"Ghaemi M","year":"2011","journal-title":"Komesh Semnan University of Medical Sciences"},{"key":"R11","unstructured":"Khan H, Khan I, Gupta A, Hussain N, Nageshwaran S. OSCEs for medical finals. 1st ed. United States: Black well; 2013."},{"key":"R12","first-page":"12","article-title":"Nasogastric tube insertion technique and confirming position","volume":"105","author":"Durai R","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nurs Times"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2702.1999.00229.x"},{"key":"R14","first-page":"26","article-title":"Effect of cold on sensory and pain threshold in 18-25 year old women","volume":"3","author":"Rojhani sherazi Z","year":"2001","journal-title":"Babol University of Medical Sciences"},{"key":"R15","unstructured":"Craven F, Hirnle J. Fundamental of nursing. 4th ed. United States: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2003."},{"key":"R16","unstructured":"Taylor C. Clinical Nursing Skills. 50th ed. United States: Lippincott;Williams and Wilkins; 2018."},{"key":"R17","unstructured":"Potter PA, Perry AG. Fundamental of nursing. 9th ed. United States: Mosby Elsevier; 2016."},{"key":"R18","unstructured":"University of Ottawa. Department of emergency medicine. Nasogastric tube insertion [Internet ][ 2013; cite 25 Feb. 2017]. Available from: http:\/\/www .med. ottawa.ca \/procedure\/ng\/."},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-198401000-00014","article-title":"Factors affecting nasogastric tube insertion","volume":"12","author":"Ratzlaff  HC","year":"1984","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of Caring Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jcs.tbzmed.ac.ir\/PDF\/jcs-9-21.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jcs.tbzmed.ac.ir\/PDF\/jcs-9-21.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,26]],"date-time":"2020-04-26T10:21:08Z","timestamp":1587896468000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jcs.tbzmed.ac.ir\/Article\/jcs-25553"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34172\/jcs.2020.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["2251-9920"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2251-9920"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Tabriz University of Medical Sciences","name":"journal_owner","label":"Journal Owner"},{"value":"Tabriz University of Medical Sciences","name":"journal_publisher","label":"Journal Publisher"}]}}