{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]],"date-time":"2026-06-28T23:42:30Z","timestamp":1782690150458,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Maad Rayan Publishing Company","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sbmu.ac.ir"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Lasers Med Sci"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>Introduction<\/jats:bold>: One of the unexpected side effects of the Haas type palatal expander is ulcers progressing to necrotic lesions in the palatal area due to poor hygiene. The use of antibiotic therapy is mandatory. However, long periods of healing\/pain and the need for a systemic host response with the aid of metabolization, especially in children, are issues that should be taken into account in the management of this type of injury. Since phototherapy modalities (antimicrobial photodynamic therapy [aPDT] and photobiomodulation therapy [PBMT]) are able to enhance and accelerate the healing process and reduce the bacterial load, this case report aimed to describe the use of the above-mentioned therapies to treat palatal ulcers occurring during orthodontic expansion. <jats:bold>Case Report<\/jats:bold>: The patient, a 10-year-old boy, with a chief complaint of bleeding and continuous pain in the region of his expander was verified on a follow-up visit. After a dental examination, the expander was removed and two necrotic lesions which were in contact with the acrylic part of the tooth-tissue expander were found in the palatal region. The proposal was to use one aPDT session with methylene blue followed by 4 sessions of PBMT with a red laser diode. On the 5th day, reorganized tissue was verified, with the absence of bleeding, swelling, and pain. On the 20th day of follow-up, the area showed no signs of inflammation, healthy tissue without any pathological clinical symptoms, and complete wound healing. <jats:bold>Conclusion<\/jats:bold>: The concomitant use of PBMT and aPDT therapies may be considered feasible as an adjunct treatment to manage palatal ulcers resulting from the incorrect use of tooth-tissue types of expanders<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.34172\/jlms.2020.38","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,3]],"date-time":"2020-04-03T15:43:41Z","timestamp":1585928621000},"page":"228-233","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34172\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The Combination of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy and Photobiomodulation Therapy for the Treatment of Palatal Ulcers: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.34172","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Rafael","family":"Maya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Florence Institute of Superior Teaching, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds \u2013 MA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorena L\u00facia Costa","family":"Ladeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post Graduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Maranh\u00e3o \u2013 UFMA, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds \u2013 MA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliana Elaine Pinto","family":"Maya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post Graduate Program in Pediatric Dentistry, S\u00e3o Leopoldo Mandic \u2013 SLMandic, Campinas \u2013 SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Let\u00edcia Machado Gon\u00e7alves","family":"Mail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post Graduate Program in Integrated Dentistry, Universidade CEUMA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra Kalil","family":"Bussadori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho \u2013 UNINOVE, S\u00e3o Paulo - SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco Aur\u00e9lio Benini","family":"Paschoal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Federal University of Minas Gerais \u2013 UFMG, Belo Horizonte - MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"20123","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1","first-page":"277","article-title":"Rapid maxillary expansion with the Hyrax appliance: an occlusal radiographic evaluation study","volume":"8","author":"Mundstock KS","year":"2007","journal-title":"World J Orthod"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s1806-83242012000300010"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1043\/0003-3219(2000)070<0129:nrmeia>2.0.co;2"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-010-0839-0"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Biel MA. 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