{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T02:46:45Z","timestamp":1788922005317,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Maad Rayan Publishing Company","content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sbmu.ac.ir"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Lasers Med Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) is an autoimmune disorder that is characterized by thyroid gland dysfunction. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT), as a safe and non-invasive intervention, has gained much attention in many clinical applications including pain relief, regenerative medicine, and autoimmune.Methods: In this review, we discuss the effect of LLLT on cellular responses and its application in the treatment of AIT. Such keywords as \"low-level laser therapy\", \"photobiomodulation\" and \"autoimmune thyroiditis\" were used to find studies related to laser therapy in AIT in Google Scholar, PubMed and Medline databases. Results: LLLT reduced thyroid gland inflammation and inhibited immune cell trafficking. LLLT modulated inflammatory responses and improved thyroid gland regeneration.Conclusion: Investigations indicated that besides current treatment strategies, LLLT could be a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of AIT.Keywords: Low-level laser therapy (LLLT); Photobiomodulation; Autoimmune thyroiditis; Laser<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.34172\/jlms.2022.34","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,26]],"date-time":"2023-01-26T10:50:33Z","timestamp":1674730233000},"page":"e34","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34172\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Low-Level Laser Therapy in the Treatment of Autoimmune Thyroiditis"],"prefix":"10.34172","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Nikoo","family":"Hossein-Khannazer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"},{"name":"Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mandana","family":"Kazem Arki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"liasghar","family":"Keramatinia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"},{"name":"Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mostafa","family":"Rezaei-Tavirani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"20123","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.01.007","article-title":"Hashimoto thyroiditis: clinical and diagnostic criteria","volume":"13","author":"Caturegli P","year":"2014","journal-title":"Autoimmunity reviews"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Latrofa F, Pinchera A. 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