{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T20:16:50Z","timestamp":1792095410156,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Maad Rayan Publishing Company","content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sbmu.ac.ir"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Lasers Med Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: This in vitro study was conducted to assess the phototoxic effects of curcumin, nano-curcumin, and erythrosine on the viability of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) in suspension and biofilm forms. Methods: Various concentrations of curcumin (1.5 g\/L, 3 g\/L), nano-curcumin (3 g\/L), and erythrosine (100 \u03bcM\/L, 250 \u03bcM\/L) were examined for their impact on planktonic and biofilm cultures of S. mutans, either individually or in conjunction with light irradiation (photodynamic therapy or PDT). A blue light-emitting diode (LED) with a central wavelength of 450 nm served as the light source. The results were compared to 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) as the positive control, and a solution containing neither a photosensitizer (PS) nor a light source as the negative control group. The dependent variable was the number of viable microorganisms per experiment (CFU\/mL). Results: Antimicrobial PDT caused a significant reduction in the viability of S. mutans in both planktonic and biofilm forms, compared to the negative control group (P&lt;0.05). The highest cell killing was observed in PDT groups with curcumin 3 g\/L or erythrosine 250 \u03bcmol\/L, although the difference with PDT groups using curcumin 1.5 g\/L or erythrosine 100 \u03bcmol\/L was not significant (P&gt;0.05). Antimicrobial treatments were more effective against planktonic S. mutans than the biofilm form. Conclusion: PDT with either curcumin 1.5 g\/L or erythrosine 100 \u03bcmol\/L may be suggested as an alternative to CHX to inactivate the bacteria in dental plaque or deep cavities. Nano-curcumin, at the selected concentration, exhibited lower efficacy in killing S. mutans compared to Curcumin or erythrosine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.34172\/jlms.2024.07","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,20]],"date-time":"2024-04-20T05:52:53Z","timestamp":1713592373000},"page":"e7","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34172\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Photoinactivation Effects of Curcumin, Nano-curcumin, and Erythrosine on Planktonic and Biofilm Cultures of\n                    <i>Streptococcus mutans<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.34172","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1257-8881","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Farzaneh","family":"Ahrari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 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