{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T04:08:24Z","timestamp":1792555704821,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Maad Rayan Publishing Company","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["jrhs.umsha.ac.ir"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Res Health Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Timely and accurate screening of malnutrition at the community level is essential to identifying malnourished children. The World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines classify non-oedematous acute malnutrition among children using mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) or weight-for-height Z-score (WHZ). Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: This study was conducted among children aged 6\u201260 months. After necessary exclusions, 433 participants were selected using a multi-stage simple random sampling method. Using WHO guidelines for global acute malnutrition (GAM) [WHZ&lt;-2, MUAC&lt;12.5 cm], the sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), predictive values, likelihood ratios, Youden index, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were calculated for MUAC using WHZ as the criterion. Results: Out of 433 participants, 30% were diagnosed with GAM using WHZ, while 17.6% were found malnourished using MUAC measurements. As per WHO cut-offs, the Se, Sp, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), Youden index, positive likelihood ratio (LR+), and negative likelihood ratio (LR-) of MUAC were 48%, 96%, 83%, 81%, 0.44, 12, and 0.54, respectively. The ROC curve displayed an area under the curve of 0.86 (95% confidence interval=0.83, 0.90) for MUAC&lt;12.5 cm. Bivariate Pearson correlation also demonstrated a positive linear relationship (R2=0.302) between the WHZ and MUAC variables. Conclusion: Based on the findings, 48% of the children were correctly identified by the MUAC with an 83% probability of GAM (PPV=0.83). Moreover, there was 96% Sp in non-malnourished children, with only 4% false positives. Therefore, personnel at the grassroots level can use MUAC for timely and accurate screening of children in Anganwadi centers (AWCs) due to its ease of use and simplicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.34172\/jrhs.2024.147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,11]],"date-time":"2024-06-11T13:33:50Z","timestamp":1718112830000},"page":"e00612","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34172\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Diagnostic Accuracy of Mid-Upper Arm Circumference for the Detection of Acute Malnutrition Among Children Aged 6\u201360 Months: A Diagnostic Accuracy Study"],"prefix":"10.34172","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8092-7944","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Krishna M.","family":"Jasani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot, Gujarat, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5041-3309","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vibha V.","family":"Gosalia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, PDU Government Medical College, Rajkot, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shobha V.","family":"Misra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, PDU Government Medical College, Rajkot, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"20123","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). Levels and Trends in Child Malnutrition: UNICEF\/WHO\/The World Bank Group Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates: Key Findings of the 2021 Edition. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240025257."},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4162\/nrp.2019.13.3.247"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9745\/ghsp-d-20-00450"},{"key":"R4","unstructured":"International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS), ICF. National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5), 2019-21. Mumbai, India: IIPS; 2021."},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0101159"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s1368980017004165"},{"key":"R7","unstructured":"International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS), ICF. District Fact Sheet Rajkot Gujarat. National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5), 2019-21. 2021."},{"key":"R8","unstructured":"International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS), ICF. District Fact Sheet Rajkot Gujarat. National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4), 2015."},{"key":"R9","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations Children\u2019s Fund. WHO Child Growth Standards and the Identification of Severe Acute Malnutrition in Infants and Children: A Joint Statement. Geneva: WHO; 2009."},{"key":"R10","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). Guideline: Updates on the Management of Severe Acute Malnutrition in Infants and Children. Geneva: WHO; 2013."},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijcm.IJCM_428_19"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_766_20"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18535\/jmscr\/v6i3.89"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7860\/jcdr\/2016\/16755.7193"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2472-1921.100009"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47203\/IJCH.2019.v31i04.016"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8830494"},{"key":"R18","first-page":"51","article-title":"A study on relationship between various anthropometric measurements used as indicators of acute malnutrition in a slum of Kolkata","volume":"3","author":"Chowdhury R","year":"2012","journal-title":"Healthline"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.139881"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18203\/2394-6040.ijcmph20201983"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18231\/2394-6776.2018.0052"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/s13312-019-1502-x","article-title":"Validating the MUAC (mid-upper arm circumference) cut-off for detection of severe acute malnutrition in children aged 6-59 months in rural Maharashtra","volume":"56","author":"Sougaijam R","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr"},{"key":"R23","first-page":"1","article-title":"Performance of MUAC and associated factors in the prediction of acute malnutrition among children 6-59 months at Mulago hospital, Kampala","volume":"4","author":"Sendaula E","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Nutrition and Human Health"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.27387"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.7439\/ijbar.v3i12.872","article-title":"Role of new anthropometric indices, validity of MUAC and Weech\u2019s formula in detecting under-nutrition among under-five children in Karnataka","volume":"3","author":"Brahmbhatt KR","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Biomed Adv Res"},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5455\/ijmsph.2016.04092015195"}],"container-title":["Journal of Research in Health Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jrhs.umsha.ac.ir\/PDF\/jrhs-7004.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jrhs.umsha.ac.ir\/PDF\/jrhs-7004.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,11]],"date-time":"2024-06-11T13:34:02Z","timestamp":1718112842000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jrhs.umsha.ac.ir\/Article\/jrhs-7004"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34172\/jrhs.2024.147","relation":{},"ISSN":["2228-7795","2228-7809"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2228-7795","type":"print"},{"value":"2228-7809","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Hamadan University of Medical Sciences","name":"journal_owner","label":"Journal Owner"},{"value":"Hamadan University of Medical Sciences","name":"journal_publisher","label":"Journal Publisher"},{"value":"2024-02-07","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-05-11","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-06-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}